2. What are the 4 main elements in the human body?

3. How does a covalent bond differ from an ionic bond?

4. What is the chemical mechanism for the dissociation of NaCl in water?

8. Carbohydrates: Sugars & Starches 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon to Hydrogen to Oxygen e.g. (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Form Carbon rings Primary source of energy for cells –stored as polymer in muscle and liver (glycogen) – broken down by cell to release energy

11. Polysaccharides Have 3+ connected monosaccharides Connection types can vary 4 types: –Starch –Glycogen –Cellulose –Chitin

13. Cellulose and Starch Polysaccharide chain of glucose Do you eat both of these? Which can you digest?

14. Why Does Fiber Keep you Regular? Cellulose monomers have unique bond We lack enzyme to break down cellulose High fiber diet causes fast digestion May decreases risk of colon cancer

20. Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated –Carbons not saturated with hydrogen –Liquid at room temperature –Not linked to heart disease

43. Summary There are 4 categories of macromolecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acid Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are polymers of molecules and have many structural and physiological functions Both strong and weak bonds are critical for maintaining the complex structure of macromolecules.