1. Joints of the Upper Limb
How many articulations does the scapula have with the axial skeleton? None.

2. The only articulation AT ALL that the scapula has is at the Acromioclavicular joint. The clavicle is attached to the skeleton at the SC (sternoclavicular) joint.

3. Sternoclavicular Joint
Articular disc
Synovial cavity on either side
Ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments
Costoclavicular ligament, inner clavicular lig’s…
Synovial, plane

4. Acromioclavicular Joint
Synovial, plane
Sup/inf acromioclavicular ligaments
Coracoclavicular ligaments: Main stabilizers of the joint: STRONG; conoid/trapezoid ligaments
Fibrocartilaginous articular disc in the A/C joint itself to separate & cusion it
Shoulder separation if coracoclavicular lig’s tear or have lesions in them.
Fibrocartilaginous articular disc- can be in AC joint (small, sup. Region of joint space)

5. Shoulder Separation: Occurs at the AC joint
Shoulder Separation: Occurs at the AC joint. ..due to any violent force to the tip of the shoulder
3 Grades:
Grade 1- AC joint capsule /lig. injury
Grade 2-Coracoclavicular lig’s injured, Tear of AC ligaments
Grade 3-Tear of both AC and coracoclavicular ligaments

6. Clavicular fracture…medial aspect moves superiorly and lateral aspect moves inferiorly. See radiograph.

7. Shoulder Joint a.k.a. – glenohumeral Synovial, ball – socket
Glenoid labrum- fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa, makes it “deeper”
Transverse humeral ligament- btwn. The two tubercles keeps long head of Biceps
In the intertubercular groove.
Coracoacromial ligament- Prevents superior dislocation.

8. Capsule folds up when you abduct.

9. Inferior, middle, and superior glenohumeral lig
Inferior, middle, and superior glenohumeral lig. Are thickenings in the joint capsule that help provide structure to the glenohumeral joint.
Inferiorly is the most weak part of the joint. This is why most dislocations move anterior and inferior.

11. Deltoid m.
suprapinatus
acromion
Subacromial bursa: allows freedom of mov’t for supraspinatus and deltoid.
Above: Internal view of the inf., middle, sup. Glenohumeral ligaments.
On the Right: The glenoid labrum is on the tip of the glenoid fossa.

12. Shoulder Muscles – Rotator CuffI T

13. Elbow joint
-synovial, hinge (movement in one plane)
-the joint of the angle differs between the sexes…
”carrying angle”: male=~170, female=~167
Between the humerus and the ulna.

14. This is the joint capsule of the elbow. Collateral lig
This is the joint capsule of the elbow. Collateral lig.’s are always on the side of joints, one on radial side and one on the ulnar side. Anular means ring…so the Anular ligament goes around the head of the radius (allows pronation & supination). Radial tuberosity is good for biceps

15. Annular
Biceps tendon
UCL

16. Proximal joint of Radius/Ulna: As pronate and supinate (near elbow)
Tethers head of radius to the ulna

17. Proximal Radioulnar Joint
-synovial, pivot
-annular ligament keeps the radius
Attached to the head of the humerus.

18. Distal Radioulnar Joint
Where radius and ulna meet at the wrist
-synovial, pivot
Both styloid processes are distal
-articular disc
(TFC disc), btwn. Ulna and the wrist
Radial side  Pisoform, Then back up and over again.
“Some Ladies Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

19. Radiocarpal Joint (Wrist)
-synovial, ellipsoid (condyloid)
-articular disc (TFC disc)

20. Midcarpal and Intercarpal Joints
Between the carpals
-ALL are synovial, plane joints

21. Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints
-synovial, plane
1st Carpometacarpal Joint
-synovial, saddle (sellar)

22. Metacarpophalangeal (M-P) Joints
-synovial, condyloid
Interphalangeal (I-P) Joints
-synovial, hinge (moves in one plane)
PIP
DIP