1. Is the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis or binary fission. María Paula Vélez R.

2. Vocabulary DNA replication Helicase Polymerase ligase Replication fork Semi-conservative replication mutation María Paula Vélez R.

3. Step 1 Helicase separates the DNA strands, breaking the hydrogen bonds until it forms the replication fork. María Paula Vélez R.

4. Step 2 DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each side inside the fork. María Paula Vélez R.

5. Step 3 DNA polymerases continue adding nucleotides until they form two identical DNA molecules. María Paula Vélez R.

6. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic replication Circular chromosome Long chromosome María Paula Vélez R.

7. Mutations A change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. There are many different ways that DNA can be changed, resulting in different types of mutation. Here is a quick summary of a few of these: Substitution A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). María Paula Vélez R.

8. Insertion Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA. Deletion Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted. María Paula Vélez R.

9. Protein synthesis María Paula Vélez R.

10. Process by which the genetic instructions in a specific gene are transcribed or “rewritten” into an RNA molecule.

11. Types of RNA Messenger RNA: carries instructions from a gene to make a protein. Carries the message from the nucleus to the cytosol. Ribosomal RNA: is part of the structures of ribosomes. Transfer RNA: transfers aminoacids to the ribosome to make a protein. María Paula Vélez R.

12. Transcription occurs in 3 steps María Paula Vélez R.

14. Find the complementary RNA 1.A A A T G C T A C C G T T T A A G G C T A T G C 2.G A C A G C T A C C G T C T G A G T C T A T A 3. A C C T A C T A G G A T C T A A G G C T A A G C María Paula Vélez R.

15. The making of a protein. María Paula Vélez R.

16. Steps 1 - 2 María Paula Vélez R.

17. Steps 3, 4 and 5 María Paula Vélez R.

19. The complete process María Paula Vélez R.

20. The genetic code María Paula Vélez R.