1. USA - POLICIES REGARDING THE NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN Proclamation of 1763 (British) –L–Land to west of Appalachian Mts. For Native Americans – no colonists allowed Northwest Ordinance (Articles of Confederation) – 1787 –L–Land guaranteed to Native Americans – never to be taken away without their consent

2. Indian Removal Act – 1830 –R–Renegotiated treaties, exchanged eastern lands for that west of Mississippi River – The Trail of Tears Great Plains Wars –B–Battle of Little Big Horn – 1876 – “Custer’s Last Stand” –B–Battle of Wounded Knee – 1890 – massacre of women and children

3. 1890 – Frontier “Closes” In 1890 the government officially “closed” the frontier. A Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson told of poor treatment of Native American Indians and broken treaties.

4. Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 –D–Divided tribal land – 160 acres per family –U–U.S. citizenship after 25 years if “civilized” –S–Surplus tribal land sold to whites (75 million acres)

5. Snyder Indian Citizenship Act – 1924 –C–Citizenship to those born in U.S. Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act – 1934 –T–Tribe was restored as center of Native American life; surplus land returned to tribe; tribal council to make decisions for Native Americans, attempt to improve economic conditions

6. Termination Policy – 1953 –End Federal government’s responsibility for Native Americans, return to the states; divided lands among members of tribe and taxed them; cut self-government; relocated Native Americans to cities; ended social services to Native Americans Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act – 1975 –Gave Native Americans a greater say in running the reservations and in their education programs on the reservations