1. Chapter 2

2. Easily could have failed 13 separate, totally independent states Religious, ethnic, racial diversity: southern states dependence on slavery THE COLONIAL BEGINNINGS

3. System of government where religious leaders claim divine guidance Other religions driven out of states Worries over not having a state church to guide people and their morality THEOCRACY

4. Nine of the thirteen colonies would eventually establish a State Church. People barred from voting due to lack of certain church membership. No votes for women and slaves CHURCH AND STATE

5. Thomas Hobbes Social Contract People must freely enter a contract with a leader. They give up some rights, get protection. Cannot break this contract. DECLARATION

6. John Locke continued this contract, but claimed people had the right to break this contract. Life, liberty and property LOCKE

7. Followed Locke’s ideas, broke social contract with George III “signed their own death warrants” if the revolution failed. REVOLUTIONARIES

8. Needed in order to fight the Revolutionary War Not signed until 6 years after Washington’s troops had been fighting! ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

9. Established a “league of friendship” rather than a strong central government. Problems with creditors, debtors, commerce, protection etc. WEAK

10. Hamilton calls for convention to resolve problems by the weakness of the AOC. ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION

11. Called for 1787 in order to help set up a better-working government Each state was to have appointed commissioners to meet in Philadelphia. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

12. Before the convention, Shay’s Rebellion (1786) heightened the need for a better establishment. Shay’s Rebellion

13. Leader of the rebellion. Farmers rebelling against forcloseures. Kicking judges out of office. DANIEL SHAY

14. “I like a little rebellion now and then.” The “tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure.” Jefferson’s reaction

15. Delegates were “well-read, well-fed, well-bed, and well-wed. Washington elected to preside over the meetings. CONSTITUTION CONVENTION 1787

16. Large and small states over representation in Congress. North and South over the regulation and taxation of foreign commerce North and South over countin slaves for the purpose of taxation and representation. COMPROMISES

17. Agreed on a representative government, getting away from monarchy. Fear of mob rule depriving land-owners their property rights. CONSENSUS

18. What to do with lands west? Agreed to let national government own this land in order to establish new states. CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE

19. Belief that a two house legislature was needed for a BALANCED GOVERNMENT. Senate for representation of states/aristocracy House of Representatives for the people/democracy. BICAMERLISM

20. Called for a strong central government with two legislative chambers. Madison’s proposal that would drive the meetings. VIRGINIA PLAN

21. Unicameral Legislation Supremacy Clause: Require all state judges to treat national laws the same NEW JERSEY PLAN

22. One house where each state would have an equal vote Second house where representation would be based on population. Smaller states threatened that this was going to be the deal or they were out. CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE

23. South was nervous about treaties being signed hurting their economy Slavery: 3/5 compromise NORTH V. SOUTH

24. Federalists: Strong central governmenet Anti: States rights ADOPT

25. Needed 9 of the 13 States to ratify. Articles called for all. Bill of rights was a main issue amongst antis. RATIFICATION

26. Bill of Rights added Delaware was the first to ratify North Carolina and Rhode Island last to accept. ACCEPTED!