1. 1 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco All-IP Mobile Wireless Network Reference Model Presentation_ID

2. 2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Wireless Access: A Single IP Network IP Network Enterprise Networks Other IP Networks All-IP wireless access Circuit Networks Legacy Radio Access Wireless becomes just another access technology Mobility mgmt & radios resource mgmt are the key Other Access Networks (DSL, Cable, …)

3. 3 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Architectural Objectives  A flexible peer-to-peer distributed model  Replace the rigid hierarchical interconnection  Stateless intermediate transport mechanisms  Radio access becomes another type of physical link  Air interface efficiency  Support data compression  Efficient and effective mobility and QoS mgmt  Interwork with legacy wireless systems

4. 4 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Principles  Allow ubiquitous service appearance to end users  Align with existing Internet model to provide flexibility, reliability, and availability end-to-end QoS and security  Support all radio access technologies cdma2000, W-CDMA, GSM, and TDMA  Modular and incremental infrastructure growth  Fast services and applications development  Layered resource management and signaling support

5. 5 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Requirements IP transport throughout the network Integrated QoS, security, accounting, & VPN solutions Independent of wireless access technology Support existing air interfaces Support multiple level of QoS Open APIs to enable fast service creation & deployment Unify the user & service authentication mechanisms

6. 6 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. All-IP Network Reference Model

7. 7 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Architecture Guideline Distributed IP-based “MSC” processing MCF, CSM, ATCF, MGC, … Better scalability and reliability than the legacy MSC Fast creation of new services Separation of CA and MCF Convergence of wireline and wireless CAs and FSs Support IN services using API on the standard CAs MCF acts as wireless access signaling gateway Better inter-operability between vendor products

8. 8 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. BTS -Provides an RF-interface to mobiles -Channel coding and modulation -Consolidation and distribution function -Incorporates an IP based backhaul interface -Incorporates an IP-based control signaling interface -Autonomous power management

9. 9 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Radio Resource Control Function (RRCF)  Radio link management bring up and tear down the radio link for dedicated control or bearer channels upon receiving call control signaling from the core networks  Distribution of page messages  Radio resource management (de-)allocate all radio resources & power control mgmt functions  Handoff management across BTS & across RAN  Network usage recording

10. 10 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Radio Bearer Service Functions (RBSF)  Host the selection and distribution function  Rate negotiation with transcoder for dim and burst functionality  Host the radio link protocol functions like error detection/correction, encryption, etc.  (De-)multiplex user and signaling traffic for air interface  Packet Control Function  MAC functions  Link power control in CDMA

11. 11 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Mobility Control Function (MCF) Track locations of moving subscribers Search for a mobile when there is information to be delivered Handle mobile roaming, handoffs, mobile-centric features: paging, registration, authentication,... Collaborates with other functional entities to handle ubiquitous mobile features such as Short Message Service (SMS), cell broadcast

12. 12 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Connection Control Session Management (CSM) Call Agent Provide VoIP call processing: call state machine and services Act as an IP feature proxy for user devices that offer full feature support Session Manager Provide a high-level data session management Create a session context entry to correlate the subscriber’s MCF context to the current session. Select a DSF to handle a data call. The selected DSF is linked with the session context entry.

13. 13 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Admission & Translation Control Function (ATCF) A group of servers policy services Admission/QoS control Address translation between IP and legacy networks CSM, MCF, and MGC selection providing user profiles and/or load information to MCF, CSM, MGC, BPGW upon request

14. 14 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Bearer Path Gateway Voice BPGW perform bearer stream routing provide bearer interface to the radio access act as an anchor point for the bearer stream Data Service Function (DSF) Maintain detailed session context. perform packet forwarding and tunnel management for each session perform AAA and QoS management functions manage the IP Mobility

15. 15 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Service Delivery Traditional Voice Services Transport voice in traditional voice frames over the air interface Voice frames are converted into VoIP packets by an appropriate entity (e.g., BTS) Integrated Data Services Transport mobile user IP packets over the air interface Basic data services VoIP, multimedia services over basic data services

16. 16 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Packet Data Services IP layer tunneled transport model with QoS and security Effective handoffs to enable multimedia & voice applications The ability to access Home based services Efficient transport of user data over the radio networks

17. 17 Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. Traditional Voice Services RRCF interfaces with BTS to receive call & signaling msgs MCF manages mobility & connections b/w BPGW & BTS CSM maintains call state without feature server functions Inter-MCF & inter-BPGW communications to support handoff