1. Ocular anatomy

2. Eyeball Orbit Lacrimal apparatus Extraocular muscles visual organ & visual pathway Vascular supply to the eyeball Section Ⅰ

3. Eyeball

4. Orbit Frontal Zygomayic Maxillary Ethmoidal Sphenoid Lacrimal Palatine

5. Lacrimal apparatus 1.Lacrimal gland 2.Lacrimal passages Lacrimal puncta Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct

6. Extraocular muscles Medial rectus Inferior Lateral rectus Superior rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique

7. Extraocular muscles

8. visual organ Eyeball appendages ： eyelid ， conjuncliva ， lacrimal ， ocular ， orbitalis apparatus muscles ， Wall content ： aqueous humor ， lens ， vitreous body outer ： cornea ， sclera media ： iris ， ciliary ， choroid inner ： retina visual retina pathway Optic nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate body optic radiation occipital lobe optical center

9. visual pathway

10. Vascular supply to the eyeball Artery Central retinal artery,CRA Ciliary artery,CA Short posterior CA vein Long posterior CA Anterior ciliary CA 1.Central retinal vein,CRV 2.Vortex vein 3.Anterior ciliary vein

11. Vascular supply to the eyeball

12. aqueous humor Lens Vitreous body Section Ⅱ retina Choroid Ciliary body Iris CorneaSclera

13. Cornea Oval –transverse ： 11.5 ～ 12mm –vertical ： 10.5 ～ 11mm curvature ： anterior ： 7.8mm posterior ： 6.8mm antisymmetry thickness ： centre ： 0.5 ～ 0.55mm periphery:1mm Refractive index ： 1.3771

14. Refractive power: 43D 2 ／ 3 of total Cornea

15. Histologic structure ： Cornea Epithelium Basement layer Bowman ’ s membrane Stroma Descemet ’ s membrane endothelium

16. 1.Epithelium ： –50μm –5 ～ 6 layers Squamous cell Aliform cell Basal cell –Renewing cycle≈7 days Cornea 2.Bowman’s membrane : 12 μm No cell Collagen ， matrix Scar

17. 3.Stroma ： –500 μm –2 ～ 3 ％ corneal cell –1 ％ matrix （ GAGs) –Fibrous lamina 200 ～ 250 layers Parallel to surface Parallel collagen fiber Ordered arrangement –Scar Cornea 4.Descemet membrane ： –10 ～ 12 μm –No structure –elasticcity –Secreted by endothelial cell –Basal membrane of endothelial cell –regeneration

18. 5.Endothelium ： –5 μm –Monolayer hexagen 500 000 cells Stop miosis Tight junction Pump Cornea

19. Blood vessel: –Limbus vascular net –Inner avascularity –Less nutrition Cornea Innervation : –One of the most full tissue –ophthalmic nerve of Trigeminal nerve(N5) Sensory nerve Parasympathetic nerve –demyelination –Available when edema

20. Physiology Enegy Transparency maintaining

21. –Anatomy avascularity ， no pigment Epithelium ordered arrangement ， no keratinization Stroma ordered arrangement Endothelium ordered arrangement –Tight junction of endothelium –Related hydration pump Hydration of stroma Physiology Transparency

22. Sclera Posterior 5 ／ 6 of fibrous mem White, firm Forward connect cornea- corneoscleral limbus Backward :optic nerve –Sheath –Cribriform plate Thickness Muscle attachment ： 0.3mm Nerve surrounding ： 1.0mm

23. Histology –Episclera ： vascular contain –Sclera stroma ： collagen fiber –Plate layer ： pigment cell Sclera

24. Physiologic function ： Appearance maintaining Content protection refraction Sclera

25. Corneoscleral limbus Transition zone: –ant ： bowman`s terminal-descemet terminal –pos ： scleral spur ／ iris root vertical plane 1.5 ～ 2.0mm width appearance –Semitransparant zone –White sclera Angle of AC

26. Angle of anterior chamber Ant-lateral ： corneoscleral limbus Pos-medial ： anterior ciliary and iris root Include: –Schwalbe line –trabecular reticulum –Schlenm cannel –Scleral spur –Ciliary zone –Iris root

27. Disc Chamber separation Puple ： 2.5 ～ 4.0mm whorl –Puple area –Ciliary zone iris

28. Histology Anterior surface layer Stroma layer chromocyte sphincter muscle of pupil —— parasympathetic nerve dilator muscle of pupil —— sympathetic nerve Pigmentary epithelium iris

29. pupil –Regulation of incident light volumn –Depth of focus and aberration iris

30. Connect iris root and choroid Triangle –corona ： 2mm Ciliary process ： 40 ～ 80 个 –Pars plana ： 4mm Muscle —— parasympathetic nerve –meridional fibers –Radial fibers –Circular fibers Ciliary body

31. contraction: –Accomodation Ring muscle contraction Suspensory ligament internal traction ， loose –IOP meridional fibers contraction Choroid shift forward ， scleral spur draw backward –Open AAC/scleral vein –Choroid blood volumn↑ –Ciliary blood volumn↓ Ciliary body

32. Full filled 0.2ml Refractive index ： 1.3774 Drainage path –ciliary posterior chamber pupil anterior chamber trabecular Schlemm canal collection canal aqueous vein ciliary veins –choroid aqueous humor

33. physiology –dioptric media –IOP maintain –Uniform RI of conea –metabolism –accomodation aqueous humor

34. choroid ora serrata —— optic disc Full of pigment and BV Bruch membrane nutrition ， dark room

35. Histology 10 inner limiting membrane 09 nerve fiber layer 08 ganglion cell layer 07 inner plexiform layer 06 inner plexiform layer 05 external plexiform layer 04 external;nuclear layer 03 outer limiting membrane 02 retinal rod and cone cell layer 01 RPE

36. Lens Transparent ， double convex mirror Between pupil-iris and vitreous body Diopter ： 19D –ant ： 10mm –pos ： 6mm Axis length ： 4mm D ： 9mm RI ： 1.4371

37. Lens Nonuniform RI Elasticcity body Accomodation intracapsular——RI

38. Vitreous body Transparent colloid 4.5ml RI:1.3360≈aqueous humor Tight junction site: –Disc egde –Fovea surrounding –Basement of vitreous body –Posterior capsular （ youth ） Cloquet canal –Lens posterior pole——in front of disc –Primary vitreous

39. Transparent,thin Anterior rim ： ora serrata macula ／ fovea –Posterior pole –Keen –RPE-pigment optic disk –Disc form –Nasal side of macula: 3mm –1.5×1.75mm –optic cup C/D < 0.3 Retina

40. Special side: –Optic disc Only optic nerve fiber Physiological blind spot –macular thinnest Only rod —— photopic vision ， colour vision Other layers abscent Neuron singlet link keen Retina