2. Anatomy & Physiology The Ear

3. A. Structure of the Ear 1.Outer ear 2.Middle ear 3.Inner ear

4. 1. Outer Ear Auricle / Pinna External Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane

5. 2. Middle Ear a.Eustachian tube / Pharyngotympanic tube b.Auditory Ossicles 1) Malleus 2) Incus 3) Stapes a.Tensor tympani & Stapedius

6. 2. Middle Ear Stapedius StapesTensor tympani MalleusIncus

7. 3. Inner Ear a.In temporal bone b.Labyrinth – boney maze inside the bone c.Perilymph & Endolymph – fluids inside the inner ear

8. 3.Inner Ear d. Three structures Cochlea Semicircular canals Vestibule

9. B.The Cochlea & Hearing 1. Structure of the Cochlea Scala Vestibuli Scala Tympani Scala Media Organ of Corti

10. B. The Cochlea & Hearing 1. Structure of the Organ of Corti Basilar membrane Tectoral membrane Hair Cells Cochlear nerve

11. 2. Physiology of Hearing

12. C. Sound 1. Frequency 20 –20,000 Hz 2. Amplitude Decibels (dB)

13. D. Deafness 1. Conductive deafness a. Otosclerosis 2. Sensorineural deafness a. Presbycusis

14. E. Vestibule, Semicircular Canals, & Equilibrium 1.Vestibule – static equilibrium 2.Semicircular canals – dynamic equilibrium

15. 1. Vestibule – Utricle & Saccule Otoliths Maculae

16. 2.Semicircular Canals Ampulla Three canals filled w/ Endolymph