1. Human Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1 – Introducing the Human Body

2. Subdivisions of A and P Gross Anatomy Cytology Histology Embryology Pathology

3. Human Requirements for Life Water Food Oxygen Appropriate environmental temp. Appropriate environmental pressure Protection from radiation

4. Characteristics of Life 1.Movement; voluntary/involuntary 2.Metabolism; catabolism and anabolism 3.Growth 4.Responsiveness 5.Reproduction 6.Adaptations

5. Organization of the Human Body Chemical level; atoms – molecules – compounds Cellular level; blood cell, muscle cell Tissue level; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous Organ level Body system level Organism level

6. Human Body Systems pages 6-9 Integumentary Respiratory Skeletal Muscular Nervous Reproductive Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Digestive Urinary

7. Things that must be regulated in body: temp Pressure Fluid balance Blood pressure

8. Homeostatic Mechanisms 2 types 1. Intrinsic/autoregulation- 2. extrinisic Intrinsic Adjusts automatically w/in a cell, tissue or organ Ex.- decrease in O 2 levels leads to dilation of b.v. by chemicals in cell Extrinsic Nervous or endocrine system causes adjustment Exercising activates N.S. to increase heart rate and increase blood to muscles

9. Homeostatic Mechanism involves five parts: 1. stressor – env. Change 2. receptor- picks up stressor 3. regulator – aka “control center” 4. effector – responding body part 5. response

10. Ac kicking on thermostat thermometer Increase in temp Lower temp 72 degrees

11. Sweating Dilation of bl.v. Hypothalamus Receptors in hypothalamus Increase in temp Lower temp 98.6

12. insulin Beta cells of pancreas pancreas food.body cells to increase sugar uptake Normal bl.glucose levels

13. Types of Feedback Mechanisms Negative –Counteracts the stressor –Brings system back to steady state –Diagram resembles a figure “8” or a circle Positive –Works with the stressor to encourage the change –Only a few exist in the human body –Ex. Blood clotting p15, circ. shock p.721, childbirth p.1084

14. Oxytocin released fr. pituitary Uterus contracts Prostoglandins released Contractions increase Baby arrives!!! Stretching of cervix