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Adjustable prediction-based reversible data hiding Source: Authors: Reporter: Date: Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp.941-953, 2012 Chin-Feng Lee and Hsing-Ling Chen Wan-Yu Lu 2012/12/19
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2 Outline Introduction Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme The proposed scheme – Embedding phase – Extraction and recovery phase Experimental results Conclusions
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3 Introduction Data hiding is referred to as a process to hide some information data into cover media. The data hiding schemes can be generally classified into two categories: - Irreversible data hiding - Reversible data hiding Reversible data hiding schemes can be classified into two categories: - Difference expansion scheme (DE-based) - Histogram-based
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4 Introduction Embedding Cover image Stego-image Extraction Secret message Reversible data hiding
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5 3224401 3830330 121767939 1362551650 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (1/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (1/10) Pre-processing: 3224401 3830330 121767939 1362551650 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 LKLeft-side scan sequenceRight-side scan sequence 51 011 1 Overhead [27] H.W. Tseng, C.P. Hsieh, Prediction-based reversible data hiding, Information Sciences 179 (2009) 2460–2469
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6 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (2/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (2/10) Pixel value prediction: 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Cover image Embed T=2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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7 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (3/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (3/10) Embedding - Case 1 : 3224401 3830331 121767939 136254165 Cover image T=2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- W=0 W=1
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8 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (4/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (4/10) Embedding - Case 2 : Cover image T=2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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9 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (5/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (5/10) Embedding - Case 3 : 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Cover image T=2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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10 3224401 3829340 121788038 1362551630 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (6/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (6/10) Extracting: Watermarked image T=2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
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11 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (7/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (7/10) Extracting - Case 1 : 3224401 3829340 121788038 1362551630 Watermarked image T=2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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12 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (8/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (8/10) Extracting - Case 2 : 3224401 3830340 121788038 1362551630 Watermarked image T=2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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13 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (9/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (9/10) Extracting - Case 3 : 3224401 3830330 121788038 1362551630 Watermarked image T=2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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14 Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (10/10) Related work – Tseng and Hsiehs’ scheme (10/10) Post-processing : 3224401 3830331 121767939 1362541651 Watermarked image T=2 3224401 3830330 121767939 1362551650 LKLeft-side scan sequenceRight-side scan sequence 51 011 1 Overhead 3224401 3830330 121767939 1362551650 Cover image
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15 The proposed scheme(1/11) 100102101 99101105 1031020 Related work v.s Proposed scheme : Tseng and Hsieh’s scheme 100102101 99101105 1031020 Proposed scheme Prediction value (P) = (102 + 99)/2 = 100 --------------------------------------------------------------
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16 100102101 99101105 1031020 0 The proposed scheme(2/11) Pre-processing: Cover image 100102101 99101105 1031021 Cover image
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17 The proposed scheme(3/11) Embedding phase: 100102101 99101105 1031021 Cover image T=0 S=1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule 1: d ≦ T
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18 The proposed scheme(4/11) Embedding phase: 100102101 99102105 1031021 Cover image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 S=1 Rule 2: d > T
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19 The proposed scheme(5/11) Embedding phase: 100102101 99102106 1031021 Cover image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 S=1 Rule 2: d > T
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20 The proposed scheme(6/11) Embedding phase: 100102101 99102106 103 1 Cover image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 S=1 Rule 2: d > T 0
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21 The proposed scheme(7/11) Extraction and recovery phase: 100102101 99102106 103 0 Stego-image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 Rule 2: d’ > 2 x T + 1
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22 The proposed scheme(8/11) Extraction and recovery phase : 100102101 99102106 103 1 Stego-image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 Rule 2: d’ > 2 x T + 1
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23 The proposed scheme(9/11) Extraction and recovery phase : 100102101 99102106 1031021 Stego-image -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T=0 Rule 2: d’ > 2 x T + 1
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24 The proposed scheme(10/11) Extraction and recovery phase : 100102101 99102105 1031021 Stego-image T=0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule 1: d’ ≦ 2 x T + 1
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25 100102101 99101105 1031020 1 The proposed scheme(11/11) Post-processing: Stego-image 100102101 99101105 1031020 Cover image
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26 Experimental results (1/14) Amount of overhead information associated with different thresholds
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27 Experimental results (2/14) Embedding rate versus image quality of all tested images with various thresholds. Embedding rate
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28 Experimental results (3/14) Embedding rate versus image quality of all tested images with various thresholds. Image quality
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29 Experimental results (4/14) Histograms of prediction-errors for test images “Lena” and “Baboon” obtained using Tseng and Hsieh’s scheme (T = 5).
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30 Experimental results (5/14) Histograms of prediction-errors for test images “Lena” and “Baboon” obtained using the proposed scheme (T = 5).
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31 Experimental results (6/14) 37.15 dB and 0.99 bpp 30.78 dB and 0.71 bpp 48.6 dB and 0.2 bpp 47.9 dB and 0.06 bpp
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32 Comparisons of embedding rates (bpp) of proposed scheme and that of Tseng and Hsieh. Experimental results (7/14)
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33 Comparisons of image quality (dB) of Tseng and Hsieh’s and the proposed schemes with the same embedding capacity. Experimental results (8/14)
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34 Experimental results (9/14) Comparisons of embedding rates (bpp) of proposed scheme and that of Tseng and Hsieh at difference thresholds.
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35 Experimental results (10/14) Comparisons of image quality (dB) of Tseng and Hsieh’s and the proposed schemes with the same embedding capacity.
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36 Experimental results (11/14) (a)MR_liver_t1 (b)MR_ped_chest (c)MR_sag_head Capacity versus distortion performance of proposed and other schemes for test images: (a) Lena
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37 Experimental results (12/14) Capacity versus distortion performance of proposed and other schemes for test images: (b) F16
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38 Experimental results (13/14) Capacity versus distortion performance of proposed and other schemes for test images: (c) Baboon
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39 Experimental results (14/14) Capacity versus distortion performance of proposed and other schemes for test images: (d) Boats
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40 Conclusions Flexibility and scalability. - A lower threshold yields a higher visual stego-image quality. - A higher threshold yields a higher embedding rate. To solve underflow and overflow. To Increase the embedding rate and reduce image distortion.
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Thanks for your attention !
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