1. Did Climate Deterioration Play Major Roles in Human Evolution? With thanks to Robert Boyd and Robert Bettinger CEFOM Symposium Cultural and Ecological Foundations of the Mind Hokkaido University, June 25, 2003 http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/Faculty/richerson/richerson.htm

38. IntensiveAgriculture Centerforaging begins Near East15,00011,500 North China11,500 9,500 South China12,000? 8,000 Sub-Sahara Africa 9,000 4,500 South-Central Andes 7,000 5,250 Central Mexico 7,000 5,750 Eastern US 6,000 5,250 Australia 3,500 N/A

43. Barrett Nature 2003

45. 2002 Report of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Abrupt Climate Change Chaired by Richard B. Alley “Available evidence suggests that abrupt climate change is not only possible but likely, potentially with large impacts on ecosystems and societies.” “We do not yet understand abrupt climate changes well enough to predict them.” “Societies and ecosystems have an easier time dealing with slower or better anticipated changes, so the abruptness and unpredictability of the possible changes may be disquieting.”

48. Cultural differences in psychological functioning –Adaptation to diverse environments in time and space –Cultural pseudo-speciation Institutions and cultural differences –Social organizational adaptations diverse –Non-adaptive diversity via design complexity (folk theorem, games of coordination) Methods of analysis –Field studies of microevolution –Laboratory studies of microevolution