1. Finland and IIASA Highlights (2008-2015) February 2015

2. CONTENTS 1.Finland and IIASA – Joint objectives 2.Summary of Finland and IIASA partnership 3.National Member Organization 4.Some Leading Finnish Personalities Associated with IIASA 5.Research Partners 6.Research Collaborations: Selected Highlights 7.Capacity Building 8.Further Information

3. FINNISH GOVERNMENT RESEARCH GOALS “To finance long-term problem-oriented and programme- based research that seeks solutions to the challenges facing society.” “To strengthen multidisciplinary, high-level research of social significance.” Finnish Government resolution on comprehensive reform of state research institutions and research funding (5 Sept 2013) which leads to establishing the Strategic Research Council in Sept 2014.

4. IIASA An international research institute that conducts multidisciplinary research to help policymakers find long-term solutions to global challenges facing countries

5. FINNISH STRATEGIC RESEARCH THEMES 2015 FINNISH THEMES Utilisation of technological transitions; Changing institutions; A climate-neutral and resource-scarce society; Equality and its promotion. IIASA THEMES Energy & climate change Food & water Poverty & equity Drivers of global change (population, technology)

6. SUMMARY (2008-2014) National Member Organization Finnish Committee for IIASA Membership start date 1976 Research partners 34 organizations in Finland Areas of research collaborations The Arctic and Finland Extreme events and the resilience of Finland Applying systems analysis to economic growth and integration Finnish forests: Bio-energy resource and climate sink Projecting demographic change in Finland Advancing the integrated assessment modeling of climate change and energy challenges The future of fisheries Capacity Building 15 doctoral students from Finland have participated in IIASA’s Young Scientists Summer Program and its new Southern African version Other Interactions Finnish researchers, advisors, and diplomats have visited IIASA over 175 times, while IIASA scientists have visited Finland over 100 times.

7. NATIONAL MEMBER ORGANIZATION Finnish Committee for IIASA (new members to be appointed soon by Academy of Finland) From January 2015 Strategic Research Unit at the Academy of Finland is responsible for IIASA. Since 2012 Professor Mats Gyllenberg, University of Helsinki, has represented the Finnish Committee for IIASA at IIASA’s Council. Dr Laura Kitti, Science Advisor at the Academy of Finland is the NMO Secretary for Finland

8. SOME LEADING PERSONALITIES IN FINLAND AND ASSOCIATED WITH IIASA Jorma J. Ollila Tarja Halonen Lea Kauppi Hannu Halinen Juha Kämäri Markku Kulmala

9. RESEARCH PARTNERS 34 institutions in Finland, including: Academy of Finland Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) Finnish Innovation Fund (SITRA) Prime Minister’s Office Ministry of Defence Ministry of Employment and the Economy Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA) Population Research Institute Universities of Aalto, of Eastern Finland, of Helsinki, of Jyväskylä VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

10. RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS Selected Highlights: Energy and climate change research collaborations including location of biodiesel plants in Finland Arctic Futures Initiative and black carbon in the Arctic Seven shocks and Finland International development goals and projecting changing population in Finland

11. FINLAND’S OBJECTIVES “Finland will build a low-carbon society utilising the National Energy and Climate Strategy, the Energy and Climate Roadmap 2050, and a climate act to be adopted during the parliamentary term. Finland will pay particular attention to securing and developing the energy use of biomass.” Programme of Prime Minister Alexander Stubb’s Government (24 June 2014)

12. IIASA coordinates the Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium, which includes VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Recent joint work includes the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) database for the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2000-2100 12 MESSAGE (IIASA) AIM (NIES) GCAM (PNNL) IMAGE (PBL) Source: van Vuuren, D.P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Weyant, J. (eds) (2011). Special Issue: The Representative Concentration Pathways in Climatic Change. Climatic Change, 109(1-2).

13. OPTIMAL LOCATION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN FINLAND Uses IIASA’s BeWhere model to identify best location by minimizing the cost of the complete supply chain. Natarajan K, Leduc S, Pelkonen P, Tomppo E & Dotzauer E (2014). Optimal locations for second generation Fischer Tropsch biodiesel production in Finland. Renewable Energy, 62:319-330

14. FINLAND’S ARCTIC VISION “Finland is an active Arctic actor with the ability to reconcile the limitations imposed and business opportunities provided by the Arctic environment in a sustainable manner while drawing upon international cooperation.” Finland’s Arctic strategy is based on four pillars of policy: “an Arctic country, an Arctic expert, sustainable development and environmental considerations, international cooperation.” Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region (23 August 2013)

15. BLACK CARBON AND THE ARCTIC Stohl A, Klimont Z, Eckhardt S, Kupiainen K, Shevchenko VP, Kopeikin VM & Novigatsky AN (2013) Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics 13: 8833-8855

16. BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE GLOBAL DRIVERS ; IMPACT ON and FEEDBACKS WITH THE ARTIC BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ARCTIC DRIVERS IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL SYSTEMS Holistic research approach by Generating policy relevant questions Collaboration with the Arctic Council, Arctic Economic Council, Arctic research community, governments, corporate decision makers and research funders Using IIASA methodological frameworks Holistic integrated assessment ARCTIC FUTURES INITIATIVE

17. FINNISH GOVERNMENT DECISION “Security of supply is intended to ensure the continuity of the economic activities and the functioning of the infrastructure necessary for the economy, national defense and the livelihood of the population in cases of major disruptions and emergencies.” Finnish Government decision on the security of supply goals (5 December 2013)

18. SEVEN SHOCKS AND FINLAND Low probability but high impact events

19. SEVEN SHOCKS AND FINLAND Prioritizing policies that maximize resilience Casti JL & Ilmola L (2012). 7 Shocks and Finland. Project Report, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria

20. FINLAND’S INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES Priority areas and objectives include: –“Human development” –“Promotion of gender equality” –“Reduction of inequality” –“The sustainable management of natural resources and environmental protection” Finnish Government report on development policy 2014

21. INVESTING IN EDUCATION AS A TOOL TO ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

24. IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON POPULATION RAPID VERSUS STALLED DEVELOPMENT

25. INVESTING IN EDUCATION ACHIEVES MULTIPLE GOALS Economic growth 10.1126/science.1151753 Movement toward democracy DOI: 10.1111/j.1728- 4457.2010.00329.x Adaptation to climate change 10.1126/science.1257975

26. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN FINLAND To update with Finland

27. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN FINLAND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

29. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN FINLAND To update with Finland

30. PROJECTING CHANGING POPULATION IN FINLAND STALLED DEVELOPMENT

32. INTERNATIONALISATION OF THE RESEARCH CAREER “The Academy supports researcher mobility in various ways as part of a consistent research career path. Special attention is given to the postdoctoral stage …(to) provide the skills and competencies that are needed for international research collaboration and for research work abroad.” Academy of Finland International Strategy (2007-2015)

33. CAPACITY BUILDING 14 doctoral students from Finland have won places on IIASA’s Young Scientists Summer Program since 2008.

34. Southern-African Young Scientist Summer Program: (SA-YSSP) Erkka Rinne (SA-YSSP ’13/14 & VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland) developed a model to explore cost- effective ways to store energy for later use in a large-scale energy system that has variable energy generation. CAPACITY BUILDING

35. FURTHER INFORMATION IIASA www.iiasa.ac.at Academy of Finland http://www.aka.fi