1. The 1920s – Part 1

2. Here’s What We’ll Learn New art colonies Expanding health industry Increased tourism New oil and gas fields New/renewed difficulties in agriculture and mining

3. Creating the Taos Art Colony Bert Geer Phillips and Ernest Blumenshein. Broke down outside of Taos – flipped a coin to see who’d take it to be fixed. Blumenshein lost, went to Taos, and decided he and Phillips should stay there.

4. Reasons to Move to Taos 1. The beauty in the nature and the culture of Taos. 2. Incredible light and good weather. – How is this an advantage? 3. Growing art colony. – Fellow artists, low cost of living

5. The Taos Society of Artists An elite group of artists that all lived in Taos by 1915. Only had one female member – Catharine Carter Critcher Exhibits all over the country Disbanded in 1926. – Why?

6. Mabel Dodge Stern Became fascinated with Pueblo culture in the 1920s – later married Tony Lujan, her guide. Built Los Gallos – a house for artists and authors. Helped influence Ansel Adams and Georgia O’Keeffe.

7. Los Gallos Residents Ansel Adams – most famous landscape photographer. Georgia O’Keeffe – very famous painter. D.H. Lawrence – famous author. Some residents didn’t like Mabel Dodge Stern constantly in their business, however.

8. Cultural Preservation Art colony in Santa Fe wished to preserve Hispanic and Native American culture. Led to the Indian Market and Spanish Market – Still very popular to this day.

9. Cultural Preservation 1920s saw the beginning of “Santa Fe Style Architecture” Abode was admired – inspired restoration of old buildings. Santa Fe – old style for historical and financial reasons. UNM – 1920s began adobe style construction.

10. Lungers “Wellness Country” beginning in the 1920s. Asthma, arthritis, and Tuberculosis. Lungers = Tuberculosis; doctors told them NM would be good for the disease. – WHY?

11. Lungers Lungers came to New Mexico because of specialized doctors, as well. Frank Mera (Santa Fe), LeRoy Peters and A.G. Shortle (Albuquerque), and Carl Gellenthien (Valmora)

12. Sanatoriums Devoted to the treatment of TB. One large commons and many small rooms. Large screens and “sleeping porches” – Why? Frequent checks for progress and strict diets. – What if you couldn’t afford this?

13. Poor Lungers Boardinghouses were set up. Whole neighborhoods and streets had at least one lunger living there. Offered sleeping porches, meal trays, and access to clean air.

14. Poor Lungers Created “tent cities” to live in. Began developing a subculture – Lunger art, lunger events, even lunger weddings

15. Lunger Legacy Who benefitted from lungers poor health? – Wages for workers – Businesses (even moratoriums) – Lasting health industry today. New Mexicans began to fear lungers. – “Lungers Not Allowed” – New dorms at UNM for students without TB. Despite precautions, by 1929, 13% of all deaths in New Mexico were from TB. Many were cured, but was it the fresh air and sunshine?

16. Cars, Tourism, and Western Dudes Increasing tourism in the 1920s because of the car. Cars – introduced by 1897, but very few could afford them. Only 32 TOTAL cars in Albuquerque by 1910.

17. Cars, Tourism, and Western Dudes Early car travel was rough. – Bad roads caused flats – Cars often got stuck – Very few gas stations – Very few road signs Convict labor = new roads like Route 66 built in 1927.

18. Route 66 Ran from Chicago to Los Angeles. Didn’t always run east- to-west in NM. – Several towns competed to have the road; WHY? 1926, the final route was decided. – Bypassed town residents were angered and sabotaged the road.

19. Route 66 Boom in tourism. Better roads = more access to: – Mild climate – Clean air – Low cost – Scenery – Unique cultures – What kinds of people came to NM for the same reasons?

20. Dude Ranches Provided a small, safe, “roughing it” experience. 26 dude ranches in NM. Names like “Happy Days Ranch” and “Ghost Ranch” brought in curious tourists. Where do you think theses tourists were coming from?

21. Southwest Indian Detours Developed by the Santa Fe Railway Led by specially trained women Tours of historical sites, natural wonders, and Native communities. Guests stayed in “Harvey Houses”

22. Towns Compete for Money Las Vegas; Cowboy Reunion – Rodeo, horse racing, dances, fireworks. Gallup; Inter-Tribal Ceremonial – Competition in races, dances, parades, and arts. Santa Fe; Fiestas – Zozobra, parades, formal ball, Native American dances.

23. Problems with Tourists Disrespect of Native cultures Cheated or stole Racism toward Hispanics and Native Americans Artists/Authors vs. Government – Do Natives have the right to practice ceremonies, dances, etc.?

24. Conclusion Great contrasts in the 1920s – Wealth for artists, authors, health providers, oil fields (Hobbs). – Poverty for farmers, ranchers, miners. – Modern change in cities; little or no change in rural areas.