1. Constitution & Government STAAR Review 2015

2. Origins of the Constitution Magna Carta: King was subject to laws like everyone else Limited Government English Bill of Rights: Took away power of the monarch and gave rights to the people Individual Rights Mayflower Compact: First signed government contract in U.S. creating a self- government Popular Sovereignty Historical Document Principle of Government

3. Articles of Confederation The ________________________________met to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, they ended up throwing out the Articles of Confederation and totally re-writing a new plan of government, the ____________________. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Strengths of the Articles of Confederation National government could not… Collect taxes Have a federal court system Could barely handle Shay’s Rebellion 1.Ordinance of 1785: allowed for orderly expansion of the U.S. through new added states 2.Northwest Ordinance: Created the Northwest Territory Constitutional Convention of 1787 Constitution

4. Constitutional Convention The Virginia Plan Proportional Representation – Representation in 2 houses would be based on population The New Jersey Plan Equal Representation - Each state would have 1 representative in the legislature The Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature – 2 House Senate - equal representation (2 Rep each ) House of Representation – Proportional Representation Analysis Questions: 1.Which plan appealed to the small states? 2.Which plan appealed to the large states? 3.Which size state, small or large, got more of what they wanted with the Compromise? New Jersey Virginia Large states

5. Constitutional Convention Southern States Did want slavery to count in the population total so they could have more representatives Northern States Did not want slavery to count in the population total 3/5 Compromise Each enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a free person Analysis Questions: 1.Why did the Northern and Southern states have differing ideas about how to count slaves in the population total? Because representation in the House of Representatives was based on total population.

6. Ratification After the Constitutional Convention, the Constitution could not become law until 9 out of 13 states ___________, or approved, it. So the Constitution was sent to the states for approval. ____________were people who supported the Constitution, and _______________ did not. ratified Federalists Anti-Federalists Federalists Supporters of the Constitution Wanted a strong national government Wanted to ratify the Constitution Anti-Federalists Did not support the Constitution Wanted stronger state governments (States’ rights) Would not ratify without a Bill of Rights

7. Federalists vs. Anti Federalists “IT HAS been already observed that the federal government ought to possess the power of providing for the support of the national forces; in which proposition was intended to be included the expense of raising troops, of building and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise connected with military arrangements and operations.” “The remaining power for peace and trade might perhaps be safely lodged with Congress under some limitations. Three restrictions appear to me to be essentially necessary to preserve that equality of rights to the states, which it is the object of the state governments to secure to each citizen.” Excerpt from Federalist Paper #30 Alexander Hamilton, published Friday, December 28, 1787 Excerpt from Anti Federalist Paper #11 Alexander Hamilton, published 1787 Does the quote above represent a Federalists or Anti-Federalists View Point??

8. Principles of Government Limited Government Constitution lists the power of the government, tells government what it can and cannot do. Popular Sovereignty People hold the final authority in government, and are the source of governments power. People do this by by voting Representative Government People elect their political representatives, and those representatives serve at the will of the people Individual Rights Basic liberties and unalienable rights listed in the Bill of Rights (1 st 10 Amendments)

9. Principles of Government SEPERATION OF POWERS Government is divided up between 3 equal branches, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, and they all have their own responsibilities CHECKS AND BALANCES Each branch of government holds some control over the other branches, to make sure one branch does not become too powerful FEDERALISM Dividing and sharing powers between the national and state governments

10. Bill of Rights 1.Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, petition, and press 2.Right to bear arms 3.No quartering (housing) of soldiers in private houses 4.No unreasonable searches and seizures 5.Due process of law 6.Right to a fair, speedy, and public trial 7.Right to a trial by jury for civil cases 8.No cruel and unusual punishment 9.Rights of the people are not limited to the Constitution 10. All powers not given to the National government are reserved to the state Real World Examples!!!

11. Bill of Rights The First Amendment guarantees 5 different freedoms. One of those being religious freedom. 1.How did life before the Constitution lead Americans to want to add Religious freedom to the Bill of Rights? 1.How does religious freedom impact our way on life in America today? Many people migrated from Europe to the colonies to escape religious persecution. Most American colonies practiced religious tolerance because of their negative experience in Great Britain America has influenced other nation’s around the world through their practice of religious tolerance, and today we get to practice our different religions without fear or persecution

12. Checks and Balances Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch President can veto legislation President appoints judges May reject treaties Impeach justices Declare acts of congress unconstitutional Declare acts of president unconstitutional Judicial Review: Right of the Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) to declare acts of the president and laws the Congress makes unconstitutional.

13. Amending the Constitution Amendments: _______________to the _________________ Changes Constitution Amendment created/changed in the Constitution 2/3 of each house must approve change 3/4 of states must approve the change You must have both! Process for Amending the Constitution

14. War of 1812 Causes Impressments Trade Embargos War Hawks Major Events Burning of Washington D.C. Treaty of Ghent (no land exchanged) Battle of New Orleans (Jackson becomes famous) Effects War increased manufacturing of supplies which helped boost the U.S. into the Industrial Revolution