1. 1. Pass back papers and quizzes: review quiz. 2. What are your study guide questions? 3. Review question game Activity. 4. You have 20-25 minutes to finish your trading cards. 9/17/15: Test Review Day!

2. REVIEW Colonization, Trustee & Royal Government

3. a. Hernando de Soto b. Ponce de Leon c. Ferdinand Magellan d. Christopher Columbus Who was the first explorer to enter present-day Georgia?

4. Hernando de Soto

5. a. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits. b. He wanted to build forts and missions in the state. c. He was searching for the magical Fountain of Youth. d. He believed that he would find a passage to Asia through Georgia. Why did Hernando de Soto explore much of Georgia in 1540?

6. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits.

7. a. De Soto died before the expedition was finished. b. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction. c. De Soto did not find any gold or riches. d. De Soto’s men died of disease. Why was de Soto’s expedition considered a failure?

8. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.

9. How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native Americans? a.The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease. b.The expedition was responsible for converting Native Americans to Catholicism. c.The expedition set up new trading opportunities for Native Americans. d.The expedition introduced Native Americans to new types of food.

10. The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.

11. a. They could not sell land in Georgia. b. They had to plant mulberry trees to try to produce silk. c. They had to defend their land against all enemies. d. They had to support a plantation economy and slavery. Which was NOT a requirement of early Georgia colonists?

12. They had to support a plantation economy and slavery.

13. a. provide protection for the area’s European settlers. b. convert the Indians to Catholicism and control the Indians. c. establish trade with Spain. d. find gold. The main purpose of the Spanish missions in the barrier islands was to

14. convert the Indians to Catholicism and control the Indians

15. The main reason the Spanish explored North America was to a. build permanent settlements. b. find gold and expand their empire. c. spread Christianity. d. fight the British.

16. find gold and expand their empire.

17. Which country was NOT a major colonizer of North America? a. France b. Great Britain c. Portugal d. Spain

18. Portugal

19. The first permanent British settlement in the New World was built at a. St. Augustine. b. Jamestown. c. Massachusetts Bay. d. Roanoke Island.

20. Jamestown

21. What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia? a. Fort Frederica b. Fort Guale c. Fort King George d. Fort Santa Catalina

22. Fort King George

23. One of the reasons given for the colonization of Georgia was to serve as a buffer colony. This meant that Georgia was a. a colony for settlement by the poor. b. an outpost for pirates attacking Spanish galleons. c.a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements. d.an agricultural station experimenting with new strains of cotton plant.

24. a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.

25. Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates wanted to bring to Georgia for the CHARITY reason? a.former convicts b.well educated c.deeply religious d.poor but worthy

26. poor but worthy

27. When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for the colony of Georgia? a.1492 b.1607 c.1732 d.1776

28. 1732

29. According to the charter, what religious group was not allowed to settle in Georgia? a.Baptist b.Catholic c.Jewish d.Methodist

30. Catholic

31. What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take personal advantage of their position? a. The trustees could not hold office. b.The trustees could not serve more than one year. c.The trustees had to break off all ties with Great Britain. d.The trustees had to donate their own money to provide food for the colonists.

32. The trustees could not hold office.

33. What ship brought Oglethorpe and the first colonists to Charleston, then Savannah, during the winter of 1733? a.Ann b.Godspeed c.Mayflower d.Santa Maria

34. Ann

35. The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right to a. vote. b. own land. c. collect taxes. d. hold elections.

36. Own land

37. Which statement BEST describes the subject of this illustration? a.The Indians and the British exchanged gifts. b.The British took control over the Indians’ land. c.The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen. d.The British and the Indians had a disappointing first meeting.

38. The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.

39. What Indians were led by Tomochichi? a. Cherokee b. Creek c. Oconee d. Yamacraw

40. Yamacraw

41. Who served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Tomochichi? a. William Bull b. Robert Montgomery c. Mary Musgrove d. Toonahowi

42. Mary Musgrove

43. Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river? a. Altamaha River b. Mississippi River c. Savannah River d. St. Marys River

44. Savannah River

45. Which was an economic reason for creating Georgia? a. Georgia would produce raw materials for England. b. Georgia would be a center for trade with Spanish Florida. c. Georgia would import good for Native Americans. d. Georgia would host many nations as a trading center.

46. a. Georgia would produce raw materials for England (this was a part of mercantilism).

47. Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land when they arrived in Georgia? a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Island b. Fort Pulaski on the Savannah River c. Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw Sound d. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

48. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

49. Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described as a a.poor design for defense against invading armies. b.series of circular roads making travel easy. c.city planned around open squares. d. decaying neighborhood.

50. city planned around open squares

51. The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design by a. William Bull b. Robert Castell c. King George II d. James Oglethorpe

52. Robert Castell

53. Why did German Salzburgers come to Georgia? a. to escape religious persecution b.to serve out terms for misconduct c.to lead the armed forces for Oglethorpe d.for the new financial opportunities available

54. to escape religious persecution

55. Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg? a. John Martin Bolzius b. Lachlan McIntosh c. James Oglethorpe d. John Reynolds

56. John Martin Bolzius

57. Where did the Salzburgers first settle? a. Albany b. Darien c. Ebenezer d. Savannah

58. Ebenezer

59. The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement because a.they were attacked frequently by Indians. b.they had problems with the Spanish who lived nearby. c.the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive. d.the area was plagued by harsh storms that caused extensive damage.

60. the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.

61. What was the dominant religious group during the royal period? a. Methodist b. Lutheran c. Anglican d. Catholic

62. Anglican

63. Where did Highland Scots settle in Georgia? a. Augusta b. Darien c. New Ebenezer d. Savannah

64. Darien

65. The Highland Scots were brought to Georgia to support which reason for Georgia’s founding? a.Charity: to help the worthy poor b.Economics: to produce raw materials for England c.Defense: to protect against Spain d. Religious Freedom: to be safe from persecution

66. Defense: to protect against Spain

67. Who were the malcontents of the early Georgia colony? a.people who were unhappy with the trustees’ policies. b.officials who examined the contents of cargo ships. c.Pacifist protestants. d. the trustees and their families.

68. people who were unhappy with the trustees’ policies

69. With which trustee policy did the malcontents NOT disagree? a. hard work with little benefit b. land allotments being too small c. requirement to serve in the militia d. prohibition of slavery

70. requirement to serve in the militia

71. The European nation that dominated early exploration in the New World (at first) was a. France b. Great Britain c. Portugal d. Spain

72. Spain

73. The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came from a. Indians who lived in the area. b. Spanish soldiers in Florida. c. the area’s harsh climate. d. new diseases.

74. Spanish soldiers in Florida.

75. What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh? a.It ended the threat of war from the Native Americans. b.It demonstrated the strength of the Spanish military. c.It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle. d.It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

76. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

77. The Latin motto of the trustees, Non Sibi Sed Allis, meant “Not for themselves but for others.” What does this mean? a.The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich. b.Religious leaders could not protect themselves as Catholics because of the members of the new Methodist church. c.The Highland Scots and the Salzburgers were foreigners and couldn’t be trusted to defend the British. d.The king felt the colony had been a failure and the trustees had to be punished as an example.

78. The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich.

79. What impact did the departure of Oglethorpe to England have on the colony? a.No impact; he was cleared of the charges against him and returned within the year. b.No impact; after he married, he quickly returned to the colony to help the poor. c.Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed. d.Great impact; the new leaders quickly turned control over to the king.

80. Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.

81. In 1752, Georgia became a a. trustee colony. b. proprietary colony. c. royal colony. d. self-governing colony.

82. ROYAL Colony

83. Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony? a. James Oglethorpe & a group of trustees b. the people of Georgia c. the king with a royal governor and bicameral legislature d. The malcontents

84. the king with a royal governor and bicameral legislature

85. What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony? a. Atlanta b. Augusta c. Macon d. Savannah

86. Savannah

87. Who was the first royal governor of Georgia? a. Robert Castell b. Robert Montgomery c. James Oglethorpe d. John Reynolds

88. John Reynolds

89. When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature, the Governor’s Council, chosen? a. They were elected by the voters. b. They were appointed by the king. c. They were appointed by the royal governor. d. They were chosen by members of the lower house of the legislature.

90. They were appointed by the king.

91. What change was NOT brought about during the term of royal governor Henry Ellis? a.Friendships were renewed with Indian micos (chiefs). b.Eight parishes were created. c.The economy improved. d.The first foreign settlers came to Georgia.

92. The first foreign settlers came to Georgia.

93. Which impact was a result of the Spanish Mission system? a.Spanish Catholics adopted Native American Beliefs. b.Native American culture expanded. c.Savannah was developed. d.Native American culture declined.

94. Native American culture declined.

95. Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant? a.He was the first European to explore the area. b.They were the last expeditions. c.James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions. d.He removed the Cherokees from Georgia.

96. He was the first European to explore the area.

97. Which three European groups were interested in the agricultural opportunities and trade with the Indians in the Southeastern part of the United States in the 18 th Century? a. French, English, Dutch b. French, Spanish, British c. Germans, Russians, British d. Portuguese, Spanish, French

98. French, Spanish, British

99. During the early 1700’s, the French, Spanish, and British had several conflicts in the territory that would eventually become Georgia. Why were these three countries interested in this region? a.The French and Spanish were allied together in an effort to completely remove the British presence from the Southeast. b.Only Georgia provided the necessary combination of fertile land and friendly Indian tribes to have a long term, stable colony. c.It was the first place each other had designated as their primary colony in the new world, therefore none of the countries could afford to leave the Southeast. d.All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

100. All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

101. Use the following quote from the Georgia Charter of 1732 to answer this question, “...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade...and wealth of these our realms.” The quote MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia? a. economics b. defense c. exploration d. missions

102. economics

103. How as Tomochichi significant to the development of early Georgia? a.Oglethorpe hired him to develop Savannah. b.He led violent revolts against the colonists. c.He was a leader and mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw. d.The Yamacraw used him to encourage the malcontents.

104. He was a leader and mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.

105. Which is a true statement about the Charter of 1732? a.It was never approved and Oglethorpe founded the colony illegally. b.It stated reasons why Georgia needed to be independent of England. c.It provided King George an opportunity to invade Spain. d.It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

106. It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

107. James Oglethorpe was important to the colony of Georgia because he a.led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony. b.fought in the Revolutionary War alongside Elijah Clark. c.founded and developed the city of Atlanta. d.served as one of the first Royal Governors.

108. led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony.

109. These statements relate to the importance of which person? a. Mary Musgrove b. Tomochichi c. James Oglethorpe d. Samuel Nunes *Cultural connections between Yamacraw and Creek Indians and English Colonists *Served as interpreter between Oglethorpe and Yamacraw. *Established several trading posts around Georgia.

110. Mary Musgrove

111. The complaints of the malcontents were significant to the trustee period because they demonstrated that the a.Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia. b.Malcontents were trying to take over the colony. c.Original charter was inaccurate and needed to be removed. d.Spanish threat from Florida was the most important issue of the time.

112. Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia.

113. Which statement is true concerning land ownership under the Royal Governors of Georgia? a.Georgia lost territory, especially around Savannah. b.Creek and Cherokee Indians gained territory through negotiations. c.The Proclamation of 1763 prevented Georgia from gaining new land. d.Georgia gained territory from the Indians, particularly in the west.

114. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

115. How did government in Georgia change when the colony moved from the trustee period to a royal colony? a.It was more organized, better funded, and had more authority. b.It was weaker and caused much more conflict with Spain. c.The government caused the colony not to grow and lost huge sums of money. d.The Royal Governors successfully avoided all conflicts with Indians.

116. Georgia gained territory from the Indians, particularly in the west.

117. VOCABULARY

118. monarch a. a colonist b. indentured servant c. a trustee d. king or queen

119. a king or queen

120. A group of people who settle in a new land but who keep their ties to their homeland. a. colonists b. trustee c. indentured servants d. apprentices

121. colonists

122. People who agree to work for someone for a set period of time in exchange for passage to the New World. a. colonists b. trustees c. indentured servants d. apprentices

123. Indentured servants

124. A person who holds responsibility on behalf of others a. colonist b. trustee c. indentured servant d. apprentice

125. trustee

126. A legal document that grants special rights and privileges a. will b. license c. charter d. regulation

127. charter

128. One who is skilled in a trade or art form a. indentured servant b. apprentice c. artisan d. missionary

129. artisan

130. A ministry commissioned by a religious organization to spread their faith a. monarch b. priest c. trustee b. mission

131. mission

132. A leader in the Spanish conquest of America a. nomad b. conquistador c. monarch d. colonist

133. conquistador

134. a fort where troops are housed a. garrison b. barracks c. bunkers d. cannongate

135. garrison

136. militia a. a special forces unit b. a medical army unit c. a citizen army d. a missionary army

137. A citizen army

138. An unhappy group of people who feel they have been mistreated a. malcontents b. middlemen c. trustees d. parishes

139. malcontents

140. Tall fences, sometimes made of sharpened stakes a. moats b. barbed wire c. forts d. palisades

141. palisades

142. In colonial Georgia, a church and British government district a. mission b. colony c. parish d. monarch

143. parish

144. A trade policy in which a country exports more than it imports. a. mercantilism b. global trade c. slave trade d. exportism

145. mercantilism

146. A person who had few rights and who spent his or her entire life in service to others. a. indentured servant b. artisan c. gardener d. slave

147. slave

148. craftsmen a. indentured servants b. artisans c. gardeners d. slaves

149. artisans

150. A group of people who had broken away from the Church of England because of religious differences a. Puritans b. artisans c. socialites d. craftsmen

151. Puritans

152. WRITTEN RESPONSE Select TWO of the following questions for your written response. On a separate piece of paper, COPY the question and write your answer in complete sentences. Be sure to completely answer the question.

153. Compare and contrast the life of the Native Americans before and after European exploration. Compare and contrast James Oglethorpe’s vision for the new colony of Georgia with the reality of what the new colony of Georgia was really like when it was first settled. Describe those who contributed to the establishment of the Georgia colony (You must include at least 3). Describe the layout of the first city in Georgia, Savannah. Compare and contrast Georgia as a trustee colony and Georgia as a royal colony.