1. The Protestant Reformation & Catholic Counter-Reformation

2. An Era of Reform Causes Humanists urged believers who were unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw from the church and meet with like-minded people People were unhappy with church involvement in politics and war There was immoral behavior among clergy The beginning Popes sold indulgences to raise money Purchased as pardons for punishment

3. Martin Luther Luther’s protest Publicly challenged the selling of indulgences in 95 theses Emphasized the authority of the Bible Break with the church Pope Leo X ex-communicated Luther Protestantism The princes supporting Luther protested the emperor’s treatment of him

4. The Spread of Protestantism The rise of sects Societies of a few people led by a preacher The Anglican Church Henry VIII’s desire for a divorce caused him to create the Church of England which did grant the divorce

5. Calvinism Calvin’s church The Institutes of the Christian Religion emphasized: Predestination Taught that some were predestined for salvation Righteous living Calvinism spreads Huguenots in France- persecuted by French Catholics Gave way to Puritanical sects Edict of Nantes gave French Calvinists some rights

6. The Catholic Reformation Objectives: Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation. Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.

7. The Counter-Reformation Many felt Pope wanted Theocracies Theocracy is a government run by religious leaders Counter-Reformation tactics Inquisition Index of Forbidden Books The Council of Trent Clarified doctrines Emphasized ceremonies Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation Jesuits founded by Ignatius de Loyola Spread Catholicism in Counter-Reformation

8. Results of the Religious Upheaval Diversity of churches appeared Education grew National governments gained more power There was much less religious tolerance