1. ©2008 4-1 Methods of Control Module 4

2. ©2008 4-2 Recognize Control Evaluate

3. ©2008 4-3 Identify the three types of control that should be used to achieve electrical safety. Module Objectives Identify the engineering, administrative and PPE controls you use on your job. Identify facts and procedures relating to lockout/tagout.

4. ©2008 4-4 Module Objectives Recognize when a work permit is required to work on energized electrical circuits. List the steps required to achieve an electrically safe condition. Recognize the appropriate warning signs to alert employees to the danger of electricity.

5. ©2008 4-5 Recognize the appropriate PPE to use based on the calculated energy value of an energy source. Module Objectives Given a case study, determine the most appropriate method of control and necessary corrective action.

6. ©2008 4-6 A control is a measure or an action that is taken to eliminate current hazards and to prevent future hazards. What is a Control?

7. ©2008 4-7 Engineering Three Types of Control PPE Administrative

8. ©2008 4-8 Controls that are engineered into the job. The focus is on eliminating the hazard altogether. Engineering Controls

9. ©2008 4-9 Redesign of equipment Substitution of material, equipment or process Change process to eliminate exposure Use of barriers to isolate the hazard Use of barriers or shields to isolate the worker Engineering Control Examples

10. ©2008 4-10 Safe Wiring Choose the correct size of wire for the amount of current in the circuit. Make certain that the wire’s insulation is appropriate for the voltage. Make sure the wire is tough enough for the conditions. Make sure the connection is reliable. Make sure the connections are protected.

11. ©2008 4-11 Wire Sizes

12. ©2008 4-12 Controls that reduce employee exposures through administrative methods. Depend on constant implementation or intervention. Administrative Controls

13. ©2008 4-13 Education and training Procedures to limit exposure Maintenance Good housekeeping Signs and warnings Distance Administrative Control Examples

14. ©2008 4-14 Controls that are worn by employees to protect them from the environment. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

15. ©2008 4-15 Protective Clothing Protective Gear PPE Examples Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric

16. ©2008 4-16 Uncontrolled Arc Blast

17. ©2008 4-17 Arc Blast Controls Engineering Administrative PPE Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric

18. ©2008 4-18 Arc Blast With Circuit Breaker

19. ©2008 4-19 Comparison of Blasts Both Blasts: 480 Volts, 30,000 Amps Uncontrolled BlastCircuit Breaker Blast Circuit opened in 330 milliseconds Incident energy = 30 calories per cm 2 Circuit opened in 8 milliseconds Incident energy =.30 calories per cm 2 Circuit breaker = energy reduction factor of 100!

20. ©2008 4-20 What is Lockout/Tagout? Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric

21. ©2008 4-21 The placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed. Lockout

22. ©2008 4-22 The placement of a tagout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed. Tagout DANGER

23. ©2008 4-23 1910.147 Versus 1910.333 1910.1471910.333 Equipment that might unexpectedly energize When Who Verifi- cation Energized circuits Authorized personQualified person Verifies isolation and de-energization Tests for energized condition due to inadvertant voltage or voltage backfeed

24. ©2008 4-24 Achieving an Electrically Safe Condition

25. ©2008 4-25 Warnings and Signs Slide courtesy of Schneider Electric Illustrates minimum requirement. This is an example, not a recommendation. Illustrates minimum requirement. This is an example, not a recommendation.

26. ©2008 4-26 Warnings and Signs Slide courtesy of Schneider Electric

27. ©2008 4-27 The Importance of PPE

28. ©2008 4-28 S a m p l e O n l y Selecting PPE Output Category PPE 0123401234 Untreated cotton FR shirt and FR pants Cotton underwear plus FR shirt & FR pants Cotton underwear plus FR shirt & FR pants plus FR coverall Cotton underwear plus FR shirt & FR pants plus double layer switching coat and pants Incident Energy (Cal/cm 2 ) N/A 4 8 25 40

29. ©2008 4-29 Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric PPE—Hand and Arm Protection

30. ©2008 4-30 Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric PPE—Face, Hands, Arms, Torso

31. ©2008 4-31 Photo courtesy of Schneider Electric PPE—Face, Hands, Arms, Torso

32. ©2008 4-32 Control Summary

33. ©2008 4-33 Electrical Controls—Case 1

34. ©2008 4-34 Electrical Controls—Case 2 Photo Source: NIOSH Safety and Health for Electrical Trades

35. ©2008 4-35 Electrical Controls—Case 3 Photo Source: NIOSH FACE Case 03NE022

36. ©2008 4-36 Electrical Controls—Case 4 Photo Source: NIOSH FACE Case 03NE022

37. ©2008 4-37 Planning for Your Small Business ActionPotential BarriersOvercoming the Barriers