1. Photosynthesis Ch. 2.1 Cell processes and energy

2. How do all living things get energy?  REMEMBER:  Autotroph- “auto” self “ troph” nourish  Heterotroph “hetero” other or different  So autotroph makes their own food (plants)  Heterotroph gets food from other sources

3. The sun is the greatest energy source  Photosynthesis- “photo” means light  And “synthesis” means putting together  All living things get energy from the sun indirectly or directly ….. How?  Autotrophs?  Heterotrophs?

4. Photosynthesis: Stage 1  CHLOROPHYLL - the main pigment found in chloroplast. Acts like a solar cell can have other color (yellows red orange) but usually hidden by green 1st stage of photosynthesis -energy from light is captured During stage one INSIDE THE CHLOROPLAST THE WATER H20 is split into hydrogen H and oxygen O. Oxygen is given off as a waste product.

5. Photosynthesis: Stage 1  Photosynthesis video Photosynthesis video

6. Photosynthesis: Stage 2

7. Equation of Photosynthesis

8. Cellular Respiration 2.2  Cells obtain ENERGY from SUGAR!  Cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of Oxygen, releasing energy.  BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS UNDERGO CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

9. Cellular respiration:  Cellular respiration overview Cellular  Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules(happens in the cytoplasm)  Part 2: in the mitochondria the molecules are broken down even more and use oxygen and release energy and CO2

11. Fermentation: energy releasing process w/o Oxygen  Alcoholic: makes alcohol,CO 2, and energy using yeast  Lactic Acid: using energy in the cells and the CO 2 builds up and produces acids

12. Cell Division: producing new and healthy cells  Growth  repair damaged structures  reproduce

13. Cell Cycle:  Cell grows  Prepares for division  Divides into two cells called daughters  Three Main stages:  Interphase- cell grows, makes a copy of the DNA, and prepares to divide

14. Mitosis Stage 2  Nucleus divides  DNA is given to each new nucleus  Divided into four stages:  Prophase, metaphase  Anaphase  telephase  Mitosis Mitosis  Mitosis with chromatid Mitosis with chromatid

15. Cytokinesis: the cytoplasm divides  The cytoplasm divides and you have two new cells  It begins about the same time as telophase.  Animals- splits in two  Plant- forms a cell plate and the plate forms a cell membrane which in turn forms a cell wall