1. Navigation Introduction Equipment Surface Positioning Measuring Distances Underwater Natural Navigation Compass Navigation

2. Good divers navigate effectively

3. Why you should become proficient with UW Navigation? Successful Navigation Reduces confusion and anxiety Avoids long surface swims at the end of a dive Increases the effectiveness of the dive plan Reduces air consumption

4. Equipment Instrument Console –Submersible Pressure Gauge –Depth Gauge –Compass

5. Equipment Submersible Pressure Gauge

6. Equipment Depth gauge

7. Equipment Timing device

8. Equipment Compass

9. Surface Positioning A “fix” allows you to relocate an underwater site – useful for beach dives

10. Measuring Distances Underwater Several methods may be used to estimate distance Most accurate Most common

11. Measuring Distances Underwater One of the most accurate and most common

12. Measuring Distances Underwater Most accurate

13. Measuring Distances Underwater Most common

14. Natural Navigation Relies on the Diver making pre-dive observations as well as while diving Common Observations: Waves, currents and tidal movement The angle of the Sun Offshore objects and/or formations Depth readings

15. Natural Navigation Utilizes Natural References Light and shadows Water movement Bottom composition and reef formations Bottom contour Plants and animals Noise

16. Natural Navigation The procedure: –Use starting references –Follow a pre-planned general course –Move forward by moving from aid to aid –Develop a desire to remember

17. Compass Navigation Know how the compass works and how to set a course

18. Compass Navigation 1.Magnetic North Needle 2.Lubber or Reference Line 3.Rotating Bezel 4.Witness Marks 5.Headings

19. Learn how to deal with cross current How to navigate to a general location How to navigate to a specific location with a known sea floor

20. Hints for better navigation Plan your dive and dive your plan Trust in your compass Use natural references Allow for the effects of current Share responsibilities Understand the limitations of the compass Swim slowly

21. What to expect on the Navigation dive in the keys Swim the following patterns: Run a measured line in both directions Compass – out and back Natural Navigation – out and back A Square Use the compass during the dive Have fun

22. Navigation End of Unit 3 Introduction Equipment Measuring Distances Underwater Natural Navigation Compass Navigation Surface Positioning