1. The Characteristics of Matter

2. States of Matter
Solid:
Liquid:
Gas:
Plasma:

3. States of Matter
Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense
Liquid:
Gas:
Plasma:

4. States of Matter
Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense
Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense
Gas:
Plasma:

5. States of Matter
Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense
Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense
Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense
Plasma:

6. States of Matter
Solid: definite volume & shape, hard to compress, dense
Liquid: definite volume, takes shape of container, hard to compress, somewhat dense
Gas: indefinite volume, fills container, easy to compress, not dense
Plasma: like gas but ionized (with + or – charge)

7. Phase Changes (Changes of State)
Solid  liquid:
Liquid  solid:
Liquid  gas:
Gas  liquid:
Solid  gas:
Gas  solid:
Gas  plasma:
Plasma  gas:

8. Phase Changes (Changes of State)
Solid  liquid: melting
Liquid  solid: freezing (solidification)
Liquid  gas: boiling (evaporation)
Gas  liquid: condensation
Solid  gas: sublimation
Gas  solid: deposition
Gas  plasma: ionization
Plasma  gas: recombination

9. Phase Changes (Changes of State)

10. Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water =
Melting point of water =
Freezing point of water =

11. Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K
Melting point of water = K
Freezing point of water = K

12. Phase Changes in Water Boiling point of water = 373.15K
Melting point of water = K
Freezing point of water = K
Notice that these are the same? They are interchangeable

13. The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Particles are always moving
The more energy they have, the faster they move
Heat is the measure of total kinetic energy
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules

14. How Do Thermometers Work?
Thermometers measure temperature
Filled with alcohol (or mercury) which expand (increase in volume) with energy (heat)
Moving particles collide with thermometer, transferring kinetic energy to liquid in thermometer
When liquids gain energy, they expand and there is only one direction they can go – up!

15. How Do Thermometers Work?

16. The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Solid particles: closely packed (dense), low energy and little space to move so they vibrate in place
Liquids particles: more space and more energetic so they can flow (slide past each other)
Gas particles: lots of space, most energetic and move freely within a container

18. Homework Read Hebden p.44-52
HW check on p.44 #13 and p.52 #33, 35-41, 44