1. Cell Division Gone Wrong…. Cancer

2. Rates of Cell Division Inner lining of small intestine – a week or less Pancreas – a year or more Liver – Cell rarely divide unless injured Skin – Cells will divide to replace cells ▫Healthy skin – lower rate of cell division Cancer – Greater rate than the surrounding tissue

3. What causes Cancer? A mutation that occurs in a cell’s DNA that increases it’s rate of cell division

4. What is Cancer? A Cancer cell keeps dividing despite messages from the nucleus to stop growing and dividing

5. Cancer results in a Tumour Rapidly growing cells that form a lump May or may not affect surrounding cells. Colon Cancer Cells

6. Benign Tumour A growth with no serious effects on surrounding tissue except crowding of cells.

7. Malignant Tumour A growth that interferes with the function of neighbouring cells and tissues Can destroy surrounding tissue

8. Secondary Tumours A group of cells which breaks away from the original (primary) tumour. Metastasis – The process of a cancerous cell travelling through the body to settle in a new location.

9. Metastatic Cancer Tumours found in the colon might not be colon cancer.

10. Most Common Metastasis Sites BladderBone, liver, lung BreastBone, brain, liver, lung ColorectalLiver, lung, peritoneumperitoneum Kidney Adrenal glandAdrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung Lung Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung Melanoma Bone, brain, liver, lung, skin/muscle OvaryLiver, lung, peritoneum PancreasLiver, lung, peritoneum ProstateAdrenal gland, bone, liver, lung StomachLiver, lung, peritoneum ThyroidBone, liver, lung Uterus Bone, liver, lung, peritoneum, vagina

12. Lung Cancer

13. Cancer Video

14. Mitosis Gone Wrong Lung Cancer Cell Prostrate Cancer Cell Breast Cancer Cell

15. Cell Division leading to Benign and Malignant Tumours

16. Causes of Cancer Carcinogens – environmental factors tobacco smoke Radiation (x-rays) UV rays (sun, tanning beds) Some viruses Chemicals in some plastics

17. Causes of Cancer Hereditary Called inherited cancer An abnormal gene (piece of DNA) is passed from parent to child that can potentially cause cancer Ex. Genes associated with breast and colon cancers

18. Diagnosing Cancer Cancer screening – Increase the chance for early detection and treatment.

19. Cancer Screening Check to see if inherited DNA is linked to cancer; important with family history of breast or colon cancer. Colon cancer Breast Cancer Cells

20. Cancer Screening Breast Cancer – regular self examination Cervical Cancer – regular pap smears Testicular Cancer – testicular self exam Prostate Cancer – blood test Skin Cancer – check moles for “ABCD”  Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diameter Irregular Mole

22. Diagnosing Cancer Imaging Technology Endoscopy – camera, cable sent into the body to look at tissue and remove tissue samples

23. Diagnosing Cancer X-ray – to view bones/lungs Mammogram – to view breast tissue Ultrasound – sound waves create a digital image

25. Diagnosing Cancer CT or CAT scan – multiple x-rays assembled in an image more detailed than x-rays MRI – radio waves create 3D models of images

26. Diagnosing Cancer Biopsy – look at a sample of cells under a microscope.

27. Treatment for Cancer Surgery – removal of cancerous tissue Chemotherapy specific drugs to slow/stop cancer division side effects – hair loss, nausea, fatigue

28. Treatment for Cancer Radiation damages Cancer DNA focused beam or implant

29. Treatment for Cancer Biophotonics uses light energy to diagnose and treat living cells fewer side effects accurate target with cancer cells

30. Radiation Technology Video

31. Reducing the Risk Lifestyle choices: Healthy Diet – lots of fruits and vegetables, reduced fatty meat. Exercise – some cancers are associated with higher body fat.

32. Reducing the Risk Avoid Smoking - every cigarette feeds your body with chemicals which covert in your body to toxic compounds which change the DNA of body cells.

33. Vocabulary! Tumour Benign Tumour Malignant Tumour Mutations Ultrasound Carcinogens Endoscopy CT scan Biophotonics MRI Chemotherapy

34. Work! 1.What is a tumour? 2.What does it mean when a tumour goes through metastasis? 3.Why is important to screen yourself for cancer? 4.What is a carcinogen? Identify two carcinogens. 5.Name two different treatments and indicate how they work. 6.What can you do to prevent yourself from getting cancer?