1. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 Chapter 5 Early Societies in East Asia

2. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 2 Huang He “Yellow” River Loess, extremely fertile China’s Sorrow, devastating floods and changes of course Center of Early Chinese civilization King Yu, dredging and canal work to control the flood effects

3. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 3 The Earliest Dynasties, 2200 BCE-256 BCE Xia – Organized village network – Hereditary monarchy – Flood control Shang – Written records and materials – Bronze metallurgy – Walled cities Zhou – The mandate of heaven – Produced books Yellow River: 3000 Miles, Tibet to the Yellow Sea; Deposits fertile, light colored soil; Periodic flooding: “China’s sorrow”

4. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7 Oracle Bone from Shang Dynasty

8. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 8

9. 9 Southern Expansion of Chinese Society Yangzi Valley – Yangzi river: Chang Jiang, “long river” – Excellent for rice cultivation – Irrigation system developed The State of Chu – Autonomous, challenged Zhou dynasty – Culture heavily influenced by Chinese

10. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 10

11. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 11 Warring States Period

12. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 12 Zhou Dynasty The Period of the Warring States result Zhou attacked by nomads, aid was refused from the vassal states, Zhou dynasty moved and the dynasty lost as it’s subordinate states fought amongst themselves for the right to rule At this time the three major philosophical traditions of Chinese culture developed, which we will discuss later, so why are you writing every word that is placed in a power point. It takes up too much time and you miss the big points.

13. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 13 Family and Patriarchy devotion to family, ancestor veneration connection of spirit world to physical world – Ritual sacrifices Father ritual head of family rites Earlier prominence of individual female leaders fades in later Shang, Zhou dynasties Concept of tian (heaven) but no formalized religion ever develops, which serves to strengthen what beliefs they already have

14. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 14 Social Order Ruling classes great advantage – Palatial compounds, luxurious lifestyle – Supported by agricultural surplus, tax revenues – Defended by monopoly on bronze weaponry – Hereditary privilege Support class of artisans, craftsmen Evidence of long-distance trade, merchant class Large class of semi-servile peasants Slave class

15. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 15 Economics Trade networks to India as of 2000 b.c. Sail technology, interaction with Korea By the Zhou Dynasty they are using star navigation Silk, as early as 2600 b.c.e.

16. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 16 Family Gender, evidence of early matrilineal systems replaced by the Shang times for a patrilineal one Patriarch and extended family possessed tremendous authority over the lives of its members

17. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 17 Culture Concept of Tian, was and impersonal power responsible for bestowing or revoking the Mandate of Heaven Not for monitoring or judging personal behavior No large priestly class develops! Writing becomes an important part of culture and expression

18. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 18 Chinese Ideograms The dynamo of the ancient world Effect upon the Chinese people, a unifier Why?

19. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 19 Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia Steppe nomads – Poor lands for cultivation, extensive herding activities – Horses domesticated c. 4000 BCE, bronze metallurgy in 2900 BCE Extensive trade with sedentary cultures in China Tensions: frequent raiding

20. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 20 Relationship with Nomads Constant interaction Weak China, threatening force Strong China, source of trade and interaction Never adopted Chinese culture, why?

21. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 21