1. Chapter 20 section 1

2. Election 1960 Democratic nominee John Kennedy Promised active leadership Get America moving again Republican nominee Richard Nixon

4. John F. Kennedy Well organized campaign Wealthy family Handsome and charismatic 43 years old Roman Catholic

5. Inexperienced Having a Roman Catholic in the White House would either: Have the pope be involved in American Policy Closer ties between church and state

6. Television September 26, 1960 First television debate 70 million viewers Nixon was an expert in Foreign Policies Kennedy was coached by producers Television age

7. Civil Rights October Atlanta, Georgia Police arrested Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Officially arrested on a minor traffic violation Kennedy called Coretta Scott King http://microsites.jfklibrary.org/presidentsdesk/#/secretTapes

8. Camelot November 1960 Closest since 1884 Won by fewer than 119,00 votes New era in the White House Grace Elegance Wit Critics said that his smooth style lacked substance Camelot King Arthur’s mythical court

9. Military Policy Focused on the Cold War Communism was gaining loyalties Asia, Africa, Latin America Cuba Redefine the nation’s nuclear strategy Eisenhower relied on massive retaliation to deter Soviet aggression and imperialism

10. Kennedy Flexible response Increased spending in order to boost conventional military forces and to create an elite branch of army Nonnuclear forces such as troops, ships, and artillery Special forces/ Green Berets

11. Cuba January 3, 1961 Fidel Castro Revolutionary leader Openly declared himself a communist Welcomed aid from the Soviet Union President Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations

12. 1956-1959 Castro used guerrilla movement to topple dictator Fulgencio Batista United States recognized the new government Were suspicious

13. Bay of Pigs March 1960 Eisenhower gave permission to CIA to train exiles for a Cuban invasion Kennedy learned of the plan 9 days after his election Had doubts, but approved it April 17, 1961 1300- 1500 Cuban Exiles They had the support of the United States Was a huge disaster “Free Havana”

15. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Soviets giving Cuba weapons increases Nuclear weapons October 14 Pictures taken of Soviet missiles in Cuba http://microsites.jfklibrary.org/presidentsdesk/#/secretTapes

16. Soviets offered to remove the missiles in return for Americas pledge not to invade Cuba Khrushchev Damaged prestige Kennedy Criticized for practicing brinkmanship

17. Berlin Wall A concrete wall topped with barbed wire that severed the city in two parts 3 million East Germans went into West Berlin A symbol of Communist oppression

18. Easing Tension Hot line 1963 Between White House and Kremlin Limited Test Ban Treaty Barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere http://microsites.jfklibrary.org/presidentsdesk/#/secretTapes