2. CAN MEGACITIES BE DISASTER RESILIENT ALTHOUGH “BIG” CAN BE VERY VULNERABLE, WHY NOT CAN MEGACITIES BE DISASTER RESILIENT ALTHOUGH “BIG” CAN BE VERY VULNERABLE, WHY NOT Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

3. QUESTION WHAT IS A MEGACITY AND WHAT MEASURES WILL MAKE IT LESS VULNERABLE TO THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS?

4. MEGACITIES IN 1900 WORLD POPULATION: 1.6 BILLION TOKYO: 21.9 M NEW YORK: 15.6 M MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M SAO PAULO: 12.5 M SHANGHAI: 11.7 TOKYO: 21.9 M NEW YORK: 15.6 M MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M SAO PAULO: 12.5 M SHANGHAI: 11.7 OSAKA: 10.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M CALCUTA 9.0 M BEIJING 9.0 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 OSAKA: 10.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M CALCUTA 9.0 M BEIJING 9.0 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

5. MEGACITIES IN 2000 WORLD POPULATION: 6 BILLION TOKYO: 25.4 M BOMBAY: 18.6 M MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M SAO PAULO: 18.0 M NEW YORK: 16.7 M TOKYO: 25.4 M BOMBAY: 18.6 M MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M SAO PAULO: 18.0 M NEW YORK: 16.7 M LAGOS: 14.1 M CALCUTA 13.2 M LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M SHANGHAI: 13.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 LAGOS: 14.1 M CALCUTA 13.2 M LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M SHANGHAI: 13.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

6. MEGACITIES IN 2020 WORLD POPULATION: 10 BILLION BOMBAY: 28.5 M TOKYO: 27.3 M LAGOS: 26.5 M DHAKA: 24.0 M KARACHI: 21.7 M BOMBAY: 28.5 M TOKYO: 27.3 M LAGOS: 26.5 M DHAKA: 24.0 M KARACHI: 21.7 M SAO PAULO: 21.3 M MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M JAKARTA: 19.4 CALCUTA 18.8 M NEW DEHLI: 18:R M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 SAO PAULO: 21.3 M MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M JAKARTA: 19.4 CALCUTA 18.8 M NEW DEHLI: 18:R M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

7. WHAT HISTORY TEACHES CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.

8. MEGACITIES FACE DISASTERS FROM … EARTHQUAKES FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS EARTHQUAKES FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS

9. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE CHOICE: LIVE WITH UNACCEPTABLE RISK OR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK. NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE CHOICE: LIVE WITH UNACCEPTABLE RISK OR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK.

10. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS UNACCEPTABLE RISK CALLS FOR PUBLIC POLICIES TO REDUCE VULNER- ABILITIES.

11. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS VULNERABILITIES REFLECT POLICY FLAWS WITH RESPECT TO PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

12. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES. BUT, THEY ARE HARD TO SELL TO THE PUBLIC AND TAKE TIME TO IMPLEMENT. PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES. BUT, THEY ARE HARD TO SELL TO THE PUBLIC AND TAKE TIME TO IMPLEMENT.

13. TOKYO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

14. CAIRO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

15. ISTHANBUL: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

16. ISTHANBUL: CAUSES OF VULNERABILITIES SIZE FRAGILITY OF EXISTING BUIDINGS/ INFRASTRUCTURE INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICES SIZE FRAGILITY OF EXISTING BUIDINGS/ INFRASTRUCTURE INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICES

17. SAN FRANCISCO: DEPENDENT ON TRANSPORTATION DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE CHANGED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES. NOONE KNOWS THE TRUE COST. DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE CHANGED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES. NOONE KNOWS THE TRUE COST.

18. LOS ANGELES: DEPENDENT ON UTILITY SYSTEMS DAMAGE TO A UTILIYY CORRIDOR CAUSEED WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS. OUTAGES LED TO LOSSES IN THE MILLIONS. DAMAGE TO A UTILIYY CORRIDOR CAUSEED WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS. OUTAGES LED TO LOSSES IN THE MILLIONS.

19. SAN FRANCISCO: SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE

20. QUESTION CAN WE MAKE MEGACITIES RESILIENT TO NATURAL HAZARDS?

21. MEGACITYMEGACITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON PREPAREDNESS PRPTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY EDUCATIONAL SURGES DISASTER RESILIENCE