1. Progress in Agriculture Objective: Summarize historical agriculture discoveries that increased the global production of food and fiber

2. Progress Through Engineering  Little progress in agriculture is recorded before 1800 AD  The use of Iron revolutionized American and European agriculture  Most of the world did not catch on as fast

3. Progress Through Engineering  Mechanization helps 2% of America’s work force meet the food and fiber needs of our nation  There has been a reduction of 90% in production farming in the last 200 years

4. Eli Whitney  Invented the cotton gin  1793  Transformed cotton to a usable product  Removed cotton seed from cotton fiber

5. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

6. Katherine Greene  Widow of Revolutionary general, Nathaniel Greene  Whitney worked on Ms. Greene’s farm  Some say Ms. Greene invented the cotton gin

8. Cyrus Hall McCormick  Invented the grain reaper  1834  Cut grains  Cut wheat, oats, and other crops

9. Cutting Grain  With the sickle or reaping hook one man could cut from one- half to one acre in a hard day's work.  The cut grain was later bound by hand

10. The Reaper

11.  While this first machine required only 2 people for operation (a person to ride the horse and a man to rake the cut grain from the platform), it cut as much grain in one day as 12-16 men with reaping hooks.

12. Grain Binder

13. McCormick Reaper

16. Cast Iron Plow  Invented in the early 1800’s  Thomas Jefferson  Rough surface that dirt stuck to

17. Threshing machine @ work

20. Steel Moldboard Plow  Invented 1837  John Deere  Smoother surface  Rich clay soil did not stick to it  Made plowing easier and faster

23. Corn Picker  Invented in 1850  Edmund Quincy  Helped speed up the harvesting of corn

24. Corn Picker

26. Modern Sweet Corn Picker

27. Milking Machine  Invented in 1878  Anna Baldwin  Used vacuum suction  Replaced hand milking

28. Modern Milking Machine

30. Tractor  Invented in 1904  Benjamin Holt  Replaced the mule as a source of power  Horse power 1849 - 1920

31. Steam powered Caterpillar tractor built by Holt in 1908.

32. Steam engine at 2007 SE Old Thresher’s Reunion— Denton, NC

33. Aultman- Taylor gas tractor at 2007 SE Old Thresher’s Reunion— Denton, NC

34. Fordson

35. Waterloo Boy

36. John Deere D

37. Farmall Regular

38. Ford/Ferguson Three Point Hitch

39. Combine  In 1838. “combined” the jobs of reaper and threshing machine. Adapted to harvest corn in the 1950’s.

41. Massey Harris SP Combine

43. Mechanical Cotton Picker

47. Tobacco

49. Trends in Agriculture

50. World Outlook  The world population will continue to grow because  More children are surviving to adulthood  More adults are living longer

51. World Outlook  Population growth will:  Add stress to environmental systems of air, water, soil, and natural resources  Create challenges to meet the demands for food and fiber (clothing and shelter)

52. World Outlook  Agriculture will always be an essential industry  Increased commercialization of agriculture will continue  New types of farming such as aquaculture will be used as well as traditional farming methods

53. World Outlook  The science of food production, processing, and distribution will require:  College graduates to fill roles as scientists, engineers, and other professionals  Careers in agriscience products and distribution to grade, transport, process, package and market agriculture commodities.

54. World Outlook  The projection is for the average size of farms in the U.S. to increase while the number of farms decrease.

55. Commodities  In the mid 1990s, the number one meat export as far as tonnage shipped from the U.S. was poultry.

56. Commodities  Corn ranks in the top five U.S. grain exports year after year.

57. Commodities  In North Carolina the top three agricultural commodities in terms of cash receipts in the late 1990s were hogs, broilers, and tobacco.

58. Commodities  Soybeans are the world’s most important source of vegetable oil and provide basic materials for hundreds of products.

59. Green Revolution vs. Green Industry

60. Green Revolution  The Green Revolution was the process where many countries became self- sufficient in food production by using improved crop varieties and practices.

61. Green Industry  Green Industry is the modern horticulture industry with emphasis on turf and landscape plants.