1. Bye Alexiaus Nichols

2.  Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s.  Preached ideas that went against Puritan beliefs and teachings.  JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.  This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion.  The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

3.  William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.  Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

4.  Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father  1706 – 1790  Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.  Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies  Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life  Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence  Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War  Considered to be the “first civilized American”  Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove

5.  Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.

6.  Exploration and Colonization  Establishment of the 13 colonies  Representative Democracy  Mercantilism  Religious Freedom

7. Reasons for Colonization Religious freedom Political freedom Economic opportunity (mercantilism) Social mobility Religious Freedom

8. RReasons for Exploration: RReligion WWealth FFame NNational pride CCuriosity FFaster, cheaper trade routes to Asia

9.  Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:  Political  Competition with Spain and France who already had many colonies in North America  Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism )  Source of raw materials

10.  Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:  Seeking religious freedom  Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs

11.  Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order  Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)  Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

12.  Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies  Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life  England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land

13.  Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies  Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.  Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government

14.  Slaves During the Colonial Period:  Political – no political voice; no rights  Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents  Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

15.  Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created  Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida

16.  Free Blacks During the Colonial Period  Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights  Economic – low wage earners  Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated

17.  Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at  Jamestown, Virginia.

18.  Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.  A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in  the colonies.

19.  First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.

20. EEconomic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies. TThe more gold and ssilver a nation has ddetermine its wwealth.

21.  The buying and selling of millions of Africans to North America.

22.  System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted in the development of an agrarian society  in the South

23.  Trade route from  Europe → Africa  Africa → West Indies  West Indies → Europe

24. House of Burgesses

25. Along the Atlantic Coast Subsistence farming Poor soil Cold climate Forests Economic factors: raw materials, logging, fishing shipbuilding Political factors: town meetings, representative government Social factors: small coastal towns (Boston only large city) Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims

26. Appalachian Mountains Navigable rivers Richer soil Warm climate Raw materials Economic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cotton Political factors: more slaves, more class-based society Social factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston were large cities) Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland), more diverse

27. Rich soil Broad, deep rivers More natural ports River valleys Mild winters Raw materials Economic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding Political factors: more tolerance; diversity Social factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York were large cities) Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

28.  Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created  The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas.  Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society  Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida)

29. TTaxation without Representation BBoston Massacre BBoston Tea Party UUnalienable Rights BBattles of Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown DDeclaration of Independence AArticles of Confederation