1. CHAPTER 9 | KEY ISSUE 3 THURS. OCT. 30 Development

2. Current Events Discussion Group of 3-4 people 1 minute sharing:  Summary of article  Important people/events  Location  Connection to development 1 minute clarifying:  Questions about article/source  Unclear information

3. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30 OBJECTIVE: Recommend a path to development for an LDC, based on an abundant, low-cost energy source VOCABULARY: Coal, petroleum, natural gas OPEC Reserves Alternative Energy

4. FOSSIL FUELS 73 COAL fossil fuel formed from decomposition of organic materials Ex: MDCs and LDCs each have ½ of reserves; USA has ¼ of MDCs 74 PETROLEUM fossil fuel formed from sea plants/animals buried under seafloor Ex: LDCs have 85% of reserves 75 NATURAL GAS fossil fuel formed from layers of buried plants, animals, gases Ex: LDCs have 90% of reserves, MDCs < 10% (mostly USA)

5. FOSSIL FUELS 78 RESERVES deposits (storage) of energy resources Ex: proven (discovered) or potential (undiscovered or inefficient) 82 ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) group of oil-rich LDCs that united to take control of their oil fields and prices from big oil companies (1960s) Ex: SW Asia and N Africa  Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE

6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 83 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY alternatives to fossil fuels Ex: solar, hydroelectric, wind (renewable) 85 SOLAR ENERGY energy captured from the sun’s rays Ex: active (device) or passive (no device) – cheap for LDCs

7. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 86 PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY collect energy without using a device Ex: South-facing windows; dark clothing absorbing heat 87 ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY collect energy using a device Ex: solar panels (photovoltaic cells) 88 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS made from silicon to collect solar rays and generate electricity Ex: solar panels  good for remote villages in LDCs

8. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 89 WIND ENERGY converts wind into energy using a turbine Ex: ND, TX, KS, SD, MT 90 NUCLEAR POWER convert energy released from fission (splitting) of atomic nuclei Ex: MDCs produce 2/3 (N America and Europe) 94 BREEDER REACTOR nuclear power plant that turns uranium into plutonium Ex: none in USA due to danger of accidents and lethal waste  can be used to make plutonium for bombs (i.e. Iran)

9. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING AN LDC In order for LDCs to develop, they need to increase access to cost-effective, sustainable forms of energy. Choose an LDC from the list below. Then, determine which form of energy would best help them develop. Afghanistan Pakistan Bangladesh Sudan Mali Somalia Yemen

10. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS GOAL 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all GOAL 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all GOAL 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts GOAL 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development GOAL 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

11. HOMEWORK Read p. 328 – 331 Answer KI 4 questions 1-4 Complete vocabulary as you go 52. Self-sufficiency model 53. International trade model 54. World Trade Organization (WTO) 24. Rostow’s Stages of Growth Model 25. Traditional Society 26. Preconditions for takeoff (or transitional stage) 27. Takeoff stage 28. Drive to maturity 29. Age of mass consumption