1. Jump to first page Guide to Researching the Law In Cyberspace Jennifer L. Selby University of Michigan Law Library International Law Librarian September 20, 2006

2. Jump to first page We will discuss: n The sources and methods for conducting legal and law-related research on your chosen topic relating to Cyberspace Law n We will rely primarily on free Internet resources, but also look at licensed online resources available to the UM community

3. Jump to first page Evaluating web sites n Need to evaluate the information for quality: u Currency: Look for a date indicating the last time a web page was updated or a publication date on an individual document

4. Jump to first page Evaluating web sites u Authority: Government, university, and other public bodies and organizations lend more authority to the information on their web sites. F Keep in mind however that an organization may have an agenda that shades the quality of their information. F Look to see if a web site attributes its information to other bodies and if the information is provided in a more static format, such as PDF.

5. Jump to first page Evaluating web sites n Durability: Remember that the web site can be ephemeral with documents and web sites disappearing. It is important to make copies, especially for citation purposes. n The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly, or, Why It’s a Good Idea to Evaluate Web Sources (http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html)http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html

6. Jump to first page Searching the Internet n Pandia (http://www.pandia.com/): A guide to Internet searching and search engine optimizationhttp://www.pandia.com/ u Specific Tips for searching Internet: http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/recommendations. html ` http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/recommendations. html n Beyond Google and Yahoo: Advanced Search, Tom Mighell & Sabrina I. Pacifici (http://www.llrx.com/features/techshow06search.pdf)http://www.llrx.com/features/techshow06search.pdf n Gumshoe Librarian 2006, Barbara Fullerton & Sabrina I. Pacifici (http://www.llrx.com/features/gumshoe06.htm) List of recommended web sites to enhance your research on various subjects, including cyber securityhttp://www.llrx.com/features/gumshoe06.htm

7. Jump to first page Searching the Internet n Bespacif (http://www.bespacific.com/) Blog by Sabrina Pacifici on law & technology, “providing top-quality information on professional concerns like privacy, freedom of information, e-government, copyright, and proposed technology legislation.”http://www.bespacific.com/

8. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research n Do not reinvent the wheel – use books, law reviews, etc. to learn from and cite to the legal experts n Good way to obtain citations to relevant case law, statutes, regulations, etc.

9. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research n Books in the Law Library – Always start with Lexcalibur: http://lexcalibur.lib.law.umich.edu/ http://lexcalibur.lib.law.umich.edu/ u Keywords/Table of Contents u Subject Headings F E.g., Internet law and legislation; Computer Networks law and legislation; Intellectual Property

10. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research n Books Lists in Law Library – Computers and the Internet u List of important works in Law Library, but not comprehensive – place to start u Under “Reference Resources,” “Books Lists,” “Secondary Sources,” (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/b ibliographies/2dysrcs/secondarysourcesi ndex.htm#d-j)http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/b ibliographies/2dysrcs/secondarysourcesi ndex.htm#d-j

11. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research n Books in other libraries on campus, such as Graduate Library – Mirlyn covers all libraries except Law and Business: http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/ http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/ u Keyword u Covers legal aspects and non- legal aspects of relevant topics

12. Jump to first page Google Book Project/Mbooks n UM Library collections currently being scanned in full (for materials out of copyright) and in limited view or snippets (for material still in copyright) - http://books.google.com/ & http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu http://books.google.com/ http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu u Produces searchable Index of books, allowing full-text searching of keywords u Researcher can then retrieve paper copy if material relevant & want to see more u Law Library collections not yet scanned

13. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research n Law Reviews/Journals: Note that there does not exist one single database that comprehensively covers all the law journals u Instead, you must use a combination of tools/databases

14. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research - Articles n Free online articles: u Law Reviews/Journals - http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm# Reviews http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.htm# Reviews F Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review F Berkeley Technology Law Journal u SSRN Cyberspace Law Abstracts F Choose “Legal Scholarship Network” from menu F Choose “Subject Matter” F Choose “Cyberspace Law”

15. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research - Articles n Law Library’s Electronic Resources List - http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/er eslist/ereslistindex.htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/er eslist/ereslistindex.htm u Licensed online resources; access limited to UM Community n Full- text: F Lexis/Westlaw F HeinOnline F JSTOR

16. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research - Indexes n Index to Legal Periodicals and Books n Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals n LegalTrac n Proquest

17. Jump to first page Secondary Source Research – Research Guides n Jurist/Cyberspace Law (http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.ht m): Links to news, books, articles, etc.http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/sg_cyb.ht m n LLRX.com u Search engines u State & Federal Law u International Law u Comparative & Foreign Law

18. Jump to first page Primary Law Research n U.S. Federal & State n International Law n Foreign Law

19. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Federal u Legislation/Regulations/Case Law F GPO Access (http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.h tml)http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.h tml Provides links to other offiicial web sites, such as US Supreme Court (http://www.supremecourtus.gov/)http://www.supremecourtus.gov/ F Cornell LII (http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/fed eral/)http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/fed eral/

20. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law F Findlaw for Legal Professionals (http://lp.findlaw.com/)http://lp.findlaw.com/ F Lexisone (http://www.lexisone.com/) Free web resources that include federal case lawhttp://www.lexisone.com/ F LexisNexis Academic/Legal Research (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis- nexis.com/universe)http://web.lexis- nexis.com/universe

21. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Federal: Legislative History (Bills, Reports, Hearings, etc.) and Bill tracking u Library of Congress/Thomas (http://thomas.loc.gov/)http://thomas.loc.gov/ u LexisNexis Congressional/Legislative Histories, Bills & Laws (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis- nexis.com/congcomp/)http://web.lexis- nexis.com/congcomp/

22. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n State u Legislation/Regulations/Case Law F Cornell LII (http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/states/ind ex.html)http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/states/ind ex.html F Findlaw for Legal Professionals (http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/)http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/ F Lexisone (http://www.lexisone.com/) Free web resources that include statel case lawhttp://www.lexisone.com/ F LexisNexis Academic/Legal Research (Access limited to UM community)(http://web.lexis- nexis.com/universe)http://web.lexis- nexis.com/universe

23. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Gateway/Database sties u Firstgov (http://www.firstgov.gov)http://www.firstgov.gov F Allows searcing of” millions of web pages from federal and state governments, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories.” u Findlaw (http://www.findlaw.com) Law portal with own search enginehttp://www.findlaw.com u Catalaw (http://www.catalaw.com) “Catalog of catalogs of worldwide law on the Internet.”http://www.catalaw.com u Regulations.gov (http://www.regulations.gov)http://www.regulations.gov F Locate and comment on U.S. Federal agency regulations u USPTO (http://www.uspto.gov)http://www.uspto.gov F Patent & Trademark searches

24. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Specialized Resources (Licensed and available to UM community) u Electronic versions of looseleaf services, covering specialized areas of law (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/er eslist/bycategory/ebooks.htmhttp://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres/er eslist/bycategory/ebooks.htm F CCH OmniTax Online Library F CCH Business & Finance F CCH Internet Health & Human Resources

25. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Records & Briefs u Federal Courts – US Supreme Court F U.S. SCt.Records & Briefs, 1832-1978: PDF documents, access restricted to UM community (http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/umich _law?db=SCRB)http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/umich _law?db=SCRB F Lexis (Gendfed; Briefs) 1979 F Westlaw (SCT_Breifs) 1990/91- F Microfiche in Law Library, 1832-present (Call No. Micro-10 S1) See Reference Desk for help

26. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law u Federal Courts – Others F Law Library does not have access to Court of Appeals or District Court documents u State Courts – Michigan Supreme Court F Online, 2001/2002 – (http://courts.michigan.gov/supremecourt/ Clerk/msc_orals.htm)http://courts.michigan.gov/supremecourt/ Clerk/msc_orals.htm F Paper in Law Library, 1854-present (Call No. Records & Briefs) See Reference Desk for help u State Courts – Others F Law Library does not carry

27. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Call individual federal or state courts and for a fee obtain copies of documents n Pacer (http://pacer.psc.uscourts.gov)http://pacer.psc.uscourts.gov u For-fee database of online full-text records, briefs, etc. for all US Federal courts u Law Library does not have access u Can sign up individually and use personal credit card – fees are minimal u Not all Federal Courts participate

28. Jump to first page U.S. Federal and State Law n Focused Google search u Search case name in quotations F Case may be posted by a blogger or a party involved n If all else fails: Check to see if specialized case reporter is in paper in Law Library u E.g., BNA’s Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal (PTCJ) is available in paper, 1973 - [Eng Per B_N_A's]

29. Jump to first page International Law/Treaties n Key questions to locating a treaty: u Is it bilateral or multilateral? u Is the U.S. a party? u What is the date? n See: Accidental Tourist table, Ch. 6; pgs. 133-134. [Online in Lexcalibur and paper in Ref Coll Bibliog Accident]

30. Jump to first page Treaties n US a party? u Start with US Treaties in Force http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/treati es/ http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/treati es/ F UST F TIAS F UNTS (multilateral/bilateral) F KAV F International Legal Materials (ILM)

31. Jump to first page Treaties n United States Treaties (UST) u Paper: 1950 – [JX8 9 U58.3 A] F 10+ time lag in publication u Online: Treaties and Agreements Library/HeinOnline, 1950-1984, PDF documents http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Ind ex?collection=ustreaties http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Ind ex?collection=ustreaties

32. Jump to first page Treaties n TIAS – Like a slip opinion u Paper through 1996 (10 yr time lag) u Online/PDF 1996- : http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/ http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/

33. Jump to first page Treaties n Kavass (KAV): United States Treaty Index & Hein Microfiche Series u Master Guide & various indexes u Online: Treaties and Agreements Library/HeinOnline, PDF documents http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Ind ex?collection=ustreaties http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Ind ex?collection=ustreaties F KAV 0001-7503 (1987-2006)

34. Jump to first page Treaties n UN Treaties – UNTS u Multilateral and bilaterial, to which US may or may not be a party u Paper: United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS), 1946- [JX9 UN.8 V.1] F League of Nations Treaty Series (LNTS), 1929-1946 [Micro-10 LLMC 79-454]

35. Jump to first page Treaties u UN Treaty Collection - Electronic Resource List (Mostly PDF documents) (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres /ereslist/intl/un.htm) : International Law/Treatieshttp://www.law.umich.edu/library/eres /ereslist/intl/un.htm F Mulitlaterial Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General (paper (Ref CollIndexes Multilat) or online). F UNTS 1946- [JX9 UN.8 V.1] & Online

36. Jump to first page Government Documents n E.g., United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union (EU), etc. n Typically the best place to start is the organization’s website u See Law Library’s Electronic Resources List: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/er es/ereslist/ereslistindex.htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/er es/ereslist/ereslistindex.htm

37. Jump to first page Government Documents n UM Library Documents Center - http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ u Inter-govenrmental Organizations (IGOs) (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html# IGOs)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html# IGOs F EU – Europa (portal server) Eur-lex (Legislation, Case Law, Treaties, etc) F UN – Official Document System (ODS) u Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#li stsNGOs)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/intl.html#li stsNGOs u Statistics (http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html)http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html

38. Jump to first page Foreign Law n Law of jurisdictions outside of the U.S. u 200+ non-US jurisdictions n General sources: u Reynolds & Flores F Best starting place for foreign law F Multi-volume set; also online at Electronic Resources List u Introduction to Foreign Legal Research F UM Law Library Research Guide: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/re sguides/pdfs/foreign.pdf http://www.law.umich.edu/library/refres/re sguides/pdfs/foreign.pdf

39. Jump to first page Foreign Law n Foreign legal citations can look weird u 1995 (1) SACR 45 (CC) F South African Criminal Reports, Constitutional Court u §191 Nr. 5 ZPO F Zivilprozeßordnung (civil procedure code of Germany) u Clunet 122 no. 3:585-597 ’95 F Journal du Droit International (France) u 13 Gr.B. 408 (1901) F The Green Bag

40. Jump to first page Foreign Law n Sources to help you identify weird cites u World Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations u Noble’s International Guide to the Law Reports u Bieber’s u Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (Online at Electronic Resources List) u BlueBook

41. Jump to first page Foreign Law n Locating sources of foreign primary law: u Reynolds & Flores F Paper [Ref Coll Bibliog Reynolds] F Online – Electronic Resources List u Lexcalibur u Online sources F Compiled Foreign Law links – Electronic Resources List/Foreign & Comparative Law: http://www.law.umich.edu/library/er es/ereslist/ereslistindex.htm http://www.law.umich.edu/library/er es/ereslist/ereslistindex.htm

42. Jump to first page Foreign Law F Foreign Primary Law on the Web (U. of Houston) http://www.law.uh.edu/libraries/fi/fo reignlaw.html http://www.law.uh.edu/libraries/fi/fo reignlaw.html F Compilation of Foreign Laws by Country (Harvard) http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/ services/research/guides/internatio nal/web_resources/foreignA.php http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/ services/research/guides/internatio nal/web_resources/foreignA.php

43. Jump to first page Foreign Law n Locating foreign periodical sources u Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals u LegalTrac u Index to Legal Periodicals and Books n Don’t look for periodical articles on Lexcalibur!

44. Jump to first page Law Firms n Hieros Gamos (http://www.hg.org) Collection of law firm links and legal information based on practice area (such as Computer Law; Technology & Cyberspace Law)http://www.hg.org

45. Jump to first page Background Materials n UM Law Library’s Internet Legal Research Guide (http://www.law.umich.edu/library/r efres/resguides/pdfs/internet.pdf)http://www.law.umich.edu/library/r efres/resguides/pdfs/internet.pdf

46. Jump to first page Finals Tips n Keep a research log! n Be sure to properly cite your sources – do not plagiarize! n Stop by the Reference Desk for further help: u Staffed 9am-midnight, 7 days/week u Librarians available Mon-Wed, 10- 6pm; Thur-Fri, 10-5pm, and Sunday, 2-6pm