1. THE ROLE OF VOCATIONAL, LITERACY AND LABOUR SKILLS DURING DETENTION AND THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF REINTEGRATION PROCESSES IN AFRICA PREVENTING RECIDIVISM IN YOUTH CRIME Fabiana Di Lorenzo

2.  Why young offenders? (Case study)  Juvenile Justice  Employment and recidivism  Multiagency strategy

3. A person aged from 15 to 24 years of age who comes into conflict with the law

4.  20.3 % of the population in Africa  Affected by armed conflicts, government security forces, armed political groups, recession and political instabilities  Catalyst for future social peace

5.  Primary victimisation: community level  Secondary victimisation: under the law Under this circumstances, prisons can become a crime school as a result of the continued victimisation

6.  Balance protection of rights and public safety  Protect youth from risks of victimisation  Re-entry into the society (multiagency strategy)

7.  Positive relationship offender-justice  Psychological, education and medical support  Re-entry into the society  Having a job

8.  Unemployment contributes to higher rates of recidivism (Welch, 1996; Dale, 1976, Maruna,2004)  Community programmes mainly fail due to unemployment  Prioritise job promotion  Employment:  Re-entry  “A coherent prosocial identity” (Maruna 2001:7)  Personal success  Desistance  Bonds to the “other” (Hirschi 1969, Maruna 2004).

9.  Police Officers and Prison Staff  Judges, Lawyers  Education and Health Staff  Social Service and Civil Society

10. Police Officers and prison staff Young Person in conflict with the law Education staff Civil Society and Social Workers Judge Lawyers Family A better justice system starts from the first point of contact between the young offender with the law From this multiagency work, it is possible to: - assess the risks of reoffending - understand the circumstances of, and reasons behind, the offence. - identify physical and mental needs - assess education and training needs, support the return to school and discuss the rehabilitation programme Information sharing Health staff

11.  Labour market under transformation  Employers’ reluctance  Time commitment to training

12. Involvement of the labour market’s key actors:  Employers’ and Workers’ organisations  Ministries of Labour  Employment agencies

13.  Promotion of ex young offenders-workers’ rights  Training activities meeting labour market’s and ex-young offenders’ needs  Link ex young offenders-labour market  Commitment to the cause

14. Police Officers and prison staff Young Person in conflict with the law Education staff Civil Society and Social Workers Judge Lawyers Family A better justice system starts from the first point of contact between the young offender with the law From this multiagency work, it is possible to: - Assess the risks of reoffending - Understand the circumstances of, and reasons behind, the offence. - Identify physical and mental needs - Assess education and training needs, support the return to school and discuss the rehabilitation programme Information sharing Health staff - Employer’s organisations - Workers’ organisations - Ministry of labour - Employment agencies - Employer’s organisations - Workers’ organisations - Ministry of labour - Employment agencies -Promotion of worker’s rights for ex-young offenders -Promotion of training activities which meet the labour market’s needs and the limits of the ex- young offender’s ability. -Ex young offenders’ difficulties in finding employment are acknowledged and faced - A link between ex young offenders and the labour market is established - Increased labour stakeholders’ commitment to the cause of raising employment opportunities for ex young offenders

15.  Possible reactions of trade unions and employers organisations  Ministry of Justice-Ministry of Employment

16.  Risks of victimisations  Juvenile Justice system  Employment-Recidivism  Multiagency work  Labour market