1. Chapter 11 – Part 4 The Cardiovascular System

2. Major Arteries Be able to identify the following 15 arteries:
Aorta – Largest artery of the body
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
Coronary arteries
Carotid arteries
Brachial artery
Renal artery
Axillary artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery

3. Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation

4. Major Veins Be able to identify the following 18 veins:
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Jugular veins
Renal vein
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Anterior tibial vein
Fibular vein
Iliac vein
Cephalic vein
Brachial vein
Basilic vein
Radial vein
Ulnar vein
Axillary vein
Great cardiac vein
Hepatic portal vein

5. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation

6. Arterial Supply of the Brain
A continuous supply to the brain is crucial, since a lack of blood flow for even a few minutes causes the delicate brain cells to die.
Supplied by two pairs of arteries: the carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
Has a complete circle of connecting blood vessels called the Circle of Willis, which surrounds the base of the brain.
Provides more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in case of a clot or impaired blood flow anywhere in the system.

7. Arterial Supply of the Brain

8. Hepatic Portal Circulation
Hepatic Portal Vein
Drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas
Deliver this blood to the liver
Liver - Key organ involved in maintaining the proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in the blood
Blood “takes a detour” through the liver
Some of the nutrients in the blood are removed or processed
Veins feed into the liver

9. Circulation to the Fetus
Since the lungs and digestive system are not yet functioning in a fetus, all nutrient, excretory, and gas exchanges occur through the placenta.
Nutrients and oxygen move from the mother’s blood into the fetal blood
Fetal wastes move from the fetal blood to the mother’s blood

10. Circulation to the Fetus
The umbilical cord contains three blood vessels:
One large umbilical vein – carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
Two smaller umbilical arteries – carries CO2 and debris-laden blood from the fetus to the placenta

11. Circulation to the Fetus

12. Circulation to the Fetus
As blood flows towards the heart of the fetus:
It bypasses the immature liver and the nonfunctional and collapsed lungs
It enters the right atrium of the heart
Some of the blood entering the right atrium is shunted directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale, a flaplike opening in the interatrial septum.
The aorta carries blood to the tissues of the fetal body and ultimately back to the placenta through the umbilical arteries

13. Circulation to the Fetus
At birth, or shortly after, the foramen ovale closes.
As blood stops flowing through the umbilical vessels, they become obliterated, and the circulatory pattern becomes that of an adult.