1. Chapter 41 Agents Used in the Treatment of Eye Disorders

2. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 2 Instillation of Eye Drops Instillation of eye drops

3. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 3 Ophthalmic Agents Facilitate eye examinations Treat  Infection  Inflammation  Glaucoma

4. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 4 Sympathomimetic Mydriatics Produce  Pupil dilation  Increase aqueous humor outflow  Decrease formation of aqueous humor

5. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 5 Anticholinergic Mydriatics Block sphincter iris muscle  Produce pupil dilation  Allow for measurement of refractive errors  Cause vision and focus problems

6. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 6 Ophthalmic Anti-infectives Antibiotics Antifungals Antivirals Antiseptics

7. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 7 Other Eye Agents Local anesthetics Corticosteroids Glaucoma agents

8. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 8 Local Anesthetics Anesthetize the eye Reduce the blinking reflex  To remove  Chemicals  Foreign objects

9. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 9 Corticosteroids Useful for eye allergies Useful as an additive agent in eye infections Reduce  Inflammation  Pain

10. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 10 Glaucoma Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) Aqueous humor buildup Pressure pushes the vitreous humor against the retina Constant pressure destroys the retina, which leads to blindness

11. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 11 Antiglaucoma Drugs Reduce the formation of aqueous humor  Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors  Osmotic diuretics  Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (continues)

12. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 41 - 12 Antiglaucoma Drugs Increase aqueous humor outflow  Direct-acting miotic  Cholinesterase inhibitors: para- sympathomimetics  Prostaglandin-inhibiting agents  Sympathomimetics agents (continued)