2. PSYC 200 Week #3 APA In-Text Citations & References (cont’d), Headings, & The Main Parts of a Manuscript

3. Agenda  Roll call  Return Essay #1  Citations and References  Some quick and dirty grammar  Manuscript components (Part 1)

4. Assignments Recap  Reading assignment Gram ch 3 – 6 APA ch 7  Essay #1 Graded

5. Essay #1 – Common Issues  Missing title at start of text (body)  Wrong font in headers  Extra space b/w paragraphs  Lack of introduction and/or conclusion  You can’t use contractions in APA

6. Proofing / Grading Marks  Insertion:  Deletion: remove this,  Switch: order switch  Para.  Lowercase / uppercase  Word choice (W.C.)  Awkward / Unclear  Colloquial ^, _

7. Looking at changes / comments on electronic docs  For docs turned in electronically, I will turn on “track changes” in Word and leave comments.  Demonstration

8. POP QUIZ  https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1U FoVZBx5EN15AUHLmabuc_pZJROeu6OnU DIOgSJQSJ8# https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1U FoVZBx5EN15AUHLmabuc_pZJROeu6OnU DIOgSJQSJ8#  https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jb CHVuJrd17beWBVb7mV3xzfiie9WPiILybX Kw8X0Tg&hl=en# https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jb CHVuJrd17beWBVb7mV3xzfiie9WPiILybX Kw8X0Tg&hl=en#

9. APA Style – Nice Body In-text citations

10. In-Text Citations  Indicate the source(s) (authors, articles, etc.) of a piece of information.  Frequently occur in the intro of a paper.  Use any time you quote, paraphrase, or otherwise use or discuss someone else’s idea in your writing.  If you don’t cite, you plagiarize (unless common knowledge).

11. THE COMMON KNOWLEDGE TEST To cite or not to cite…

12. To cite or not to cite?  The world is round  The world is 7926 miles in diameter.  Freud is the father of modern psychology  Many people struggle with loneliness.  Taking a survey on the internet is the same as on paper.  Washington had wooden dentures  Not cite  Cite (about.com)  Cite (an incorrect opinion—not fact)  Not cite (unless you have a source that backs you up)  Cite  Cite source of myth

13. Components of a Citation  Author(s) Last name(s) only for citations  Year of publication  Page number, if you are using a direct quote If the document is not paged, give paragraph number (para. 5)

14. One Author  First use: Smith (1999) found that youth......more likely to engage in substance use (Smith, 1999).  Second and subsequent use in same paragraph: Smith also found that...... However, Smith also found......are at greater risk (Smith, 1999).  First in a new paragraph: Smith (1999)...

15. Two Authors  First use: Nation and Heflinger (2006) define...exposed to risk factors (Nation & Hiflinger, 2006).  Subsequent use in same paragraph: Nation and Heflinger explain.......risk factors are compounded (Nation & Heflinger, 2006)  First use in a new paragraph: Nation and Heflinger (2006)

16. Three, Four, and Five Authors  First use: De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, and Engels (2006)......related to increased delinquency (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeek, & Engels, 2006)  Second use: De Kemp et al. (2006)......association with deviant peers (De Kemp et al., 2006)  Subsequent use in same paragraph: De Kemp et al. found that.......in youth (De Kemp et al., 2006).  First use in a new paragraph: De Kemp et al. (2006)...

17. Six or More Authors  First use: Jones et al. (2003) examined.......are more likely to see a difference (Jones et al., 2003)  Subsequent use in same paragraph: Jones et al. found...greater understanding (Jones et al., 2006)  First use in a new paragraph: Jones et al. (2003)

18. Different Sources That Could Be Confused When Shortened  Jones, Jackson, Martin, Howard, and Simms (1999)  Jones et al. (1999)  Jones, Madison, Howard, and Brown (1999)  Jones et al. (1999)  Jones, Jackson, et al. (1999)  Jones, Madison, et al. (1999)

19. More Than One Source ... interactions between youth and their parents (De Kemp, Scholte, Overbeck, & Engles, 2006; Mount & Steinberg, 1995; Walker-Barnes & Mason, 2001; Walker- Barnes & Mason, 2004).  The order of authors in parenthetical citations is alphabetical (identical to the reference page).

20. Secondary Sources  Citing a document implies that you HAVE READ the original work (APA, 2010)  Did you actually read the original reference?  Smith (1978) originally found that...is more likely (as cited in James & Andrews, 2001)  Don’t include Smith’s article on your reference page.

21. Quotations  When quoting from a source, “if the quotation comprises fewer than 40, incorporate it into text and enclose with double quotation marks” (APA, 2010, p. 170).  Quotes in the middle of a sentence have (p. #) directly after the quote

22. Quotations  Quotes with 40 or more words appear as an indented block.  The citation information follows the punctuation of the quote.

23. Other Citation Hints  Articles don’t say anything—authors do. Don’t say, The article found that… Do say, Jones (2010) found  Don’t overload your reader with citations. You should only be presenting ideas that are relevant to your topic.  Practice…

24. Practice 1  Authors: Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins  Year: 1998  Situation: 1 st parenthetical citation in paper (Gosling, John, Craik, & Robins, 1998)

25. Practice 1a  Authors: Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins  Year: 1998  Situation: 1 st parenthetical citation in new paragraph (already cited in paper) (Gosling et al., 1998)

26. Practice 1b  Authors: Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John Kendra H. Craik Robin Wright Robins  Year: 1998  Situation: 2 nd citation in paragraph, in-text Gosling et al. found…

27. Practice 2  Authors: Seth D. Gosling Orlando P. John  Year: 1998  Situation: 2 nd citation in paragraph, in-text Gosling and John found…

28. FORMATTING REFERENCE ENTRIES Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate, Italicize, don’t italicize, period, abbreviate, parenthesize, period, pp., hyphenate,

29. Reference Page Format Rules  Put the word References centered at top of new page  Start references next  Each new reference is a new, hanging indent paragraph.  Place references in alphabetical order  Each citation must have reference and vice versa This is an example of a hanging indent paragraph. In Word, go to Paragraph, Special Indent, and select Hanging.

30. Components of a Reference  Author’s or authors’ name(s)  Year of publication  Article or Chapter Title  Journal or Book Title  Volume Number  Issue Number  Location of Publication City, State or City, Country outside of US DOI or web address or database name  Publisher Information

31. Journal Article  Author, A. A.  (YEAR).  Title of the journal article.  Title of The Journal, xx(#), pp-pp.  If retrieved electronically doi:xxx.xxxxx.xx/xxx or URL of journal home page Retrieved from http://www.journal.edu/ref/filename or Retrieved from Name of database Last name and initials. In parentheses, end with pd. Sentence caps, end in pd. Title caps, italicized ItalicizedIn parentheses Start pg., hyphen, end pg., period

32. Best, T. (2010). Effects of name referents on childhood experiences. Journal of Adlerian Psychopathology, 6(7), 22-33. doi:10.11…. Journal Article Exercise  Author: Tegan Best  Published in 2010  Title of article: Effects of Name Referents on Childhood Experiences.  Title of journal: Journal of Alderian Psychopathology, volume 6, issue 7, pages 22 to 33  Identifier: 10.1177/0093854806286208

33. An Entire Book  Author, A. A.  (YEAR).  Title of the book.  City, State or Country (outside of US): Publisher.

34. A Chapter in a Book  Author, A. A.  (YEAR).  Title of the chapter.  In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.),  Title of the book (pp. xx-xx).  City, State: Publisher.

35. Technical or Research Report  Author, A. A.  (YEAR).  Title of report (Report No. XXXX).  City, State: Publisher or  Retrieved from Agency Site: http://agency.gov/location/filename

36. APA HEADINGS STYLE GUIDELINES

37. Using Headings  Headings are used to create sections  Improves sense of organization  Improves accessibility of information  Simple transition between major parts of paper  Heading styles are codified 

38. APA Headings (APA p. 62-63) Centered Title Caps (b) Left Title Caps (b) Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b) Indented sentence caps ending w/ pd. (b,i) Indented, sentence caps ending w/ pd. (i)

39. PARTS OF APA MANUSCRIPT REVISITED

40. The parts of an APA manuscript  Title Page  Abstract  Body Literature review Method Results Discussion  References  Tables  Figures  Appendices

41. Review  General guidelines  Title page  Abstract

42. Body  Purpose: The “meat” of your article. You want to share your experiences, knowledge, opinions with the world.  Formatting: Title centered at top of first page Double space, indent, and begin your text  Content: Discuss all necessary aspects of your topic {see next slide}

43. Body – Experimental / Research Paper  Introduction Purpose:  Identify previous work in the field relating to your topic / study Formatting:  NO heading (e.g., “Introduction”) to start  May use headings to separate sections

44. Body – Experimental / Research Paper  Introduction (cont’d) Content  Lit review Cite previous scientific work related to your article Logical (usually not chronological) order  Purpose of study What are you trying to accomplish / investigate?

45. Body – Experimental / Research Paper  Introduction (cont’d) Content (cont’d)  Theoretical issues How does your article impact the field? How has previous work in the field influenced your article?  Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?  Statement of hypotheses What do you expect to find, given the previous work in the field and your own personal twist?

46. Body – Literature Review Paper  Introduction Content  Theoretical issues What previous work has been done in this topic? Is there any controversy / disagreement about this topic? What are the opposing view points?  Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?

47. Body – Experimental / Research Paper  Other Components of the Body Method Section Results Section Discussion Section  {to be continued…}

48. Review and Next Steps  Review  Next week assignments Single-article review (under Syllabus section of WebTycho) Reading from both Gramlich and APA  APA Scavenger Hunt **Print Copies** (will be posted on Week 4 course content)