1. BY PREETHI DOS INTERNAL COMMANDS

2. INTERNAL COMMANDS  DOS commands that are present in the COMMAND.COM file and are automatically loaded into RAM when the PC is booted are called internal commands.  Some of the internal commands are include dir, echo, ver etc DIR ECHO VER TYPE COPY COPY CON RENAME or REN DATE MKDIR or MD DEL PROMPT TIME CHDIR or CD RMDIR or RD VOL PATH

3. INTERNAL COMMANDS  DIR-It is used to view the list of files and directories. Syntax- C:\> dir  VER-To view the Version of the current Operating System. Syntax - C:\> Ver  TYPE-To View the contents of existing files. Syntax - C:\> Type [Existing file Name]  COPY-Used to copy the files Syntax - C:\> copy

4. INTERNAL COMMANDS  COPY CONUsed to Create a new file. Syntax - C:\> Copy con  REN-Used to rename then file. Syntax - C:\> Ren  DATE-Used to view and change the system Date. Syntax - C:\> Date  MD-Used to create a New Directory. Syntax - C:\> Md  DEL -Used to Delete the Files Syntax - C:\> Del

5. INTERNAL COMMANDS  TIME-Used to view and change the System time. Syntax - C:\> Time  CD-Used to change the Directory Syntax - C:\> Cd  RD-Used to Delete the Directory Syntax - C:\> Rd  VOL-Used to view the System Volume information Syntax - C:\> Vol Syntax - C:\> Path  PATH-Used to set the file path

6. External Commands  DOS commands that are not present in the COMMAND.COM file but are present in other files having the extensions COM, EXE or BAT are called external commands EDIT ATTRIB CHKDSK DELTREE FDISK FORMAT MEM MORE XCOPY

7. External Commands  EDIT-Used to edit the file contents. Syntax – C:\>edit  ATTRIB -Used to set/change the file Permission Syntax – C:\>attrib  CHKDSK-Used to check the integrity of the disk Syntax – C:\> Chkdsk  DELTREE-Used to delete the Directory including of files and sub directories. Syntax – C:\>deltree  FDISK-Used to create, delete, view the Hard disk partition. Syntax – C:\>fdisk

8. External Commands  FORMAT-Used to format the Hard disk Partitions Syntax – C:\> format /option Option: /s – System file /q – Quick Format /u – Unconditional Format  MEM-Used to check the system memory status Syntax – C:\>mem  MORE -To view the list of files and directories in line by line. Syntax - C:\> dir|more  XCOPY -Used to copy the directories including files and subdirectories. Syntax – C:\>xcopy /s