1. Zumdahl Zumdahl DeCoste CHEMISTRY World of

2. Topic 9-2008 Properties of Gases

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-3 Figure 13.2: A glass tube is filled with mercury and inverted in a dish of mercury at sea level.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-4 When water at 25ºC is heated and changes to a gas at When water at 25ºC is heated and changes to a gas at 110ºC, the water molecules 110ºC, the water molecules A. become more organized. B. move farther apart. C. stop moving. D. move closer together. E. move more slowly.

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-5 6. A sample of liquid ammonia (NH 3 ) is completely evaporated (changed to a gas) in a closed container as shown: Which of the following diagrams best represents what you would “see” in the same area of the magnified view of the vapor?

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-6 7. A diagram representing carbon dioxide molecules in the solid phase, also known as dry ice, is shown below. Which of these molecular diagrams best shows what dry ice would look like after it sublimates (solid into a gas)?

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-7 Comparing Gases Helium Gas 10 mL Argon Gas 10 mL 2. How will the mass of these two gases compare? 3. How will the number of atoms compare? 1. How do the radii of these types of atoms compare?

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-8 Figure 13.9: The relationship between volume V and number of moles n.

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-9 Postulates of KMT.

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-10 Figure 13.7: Plots of V (L) versus T (°C) for several gases.

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-11 Plots of V against T using the Kelvin scale for temperature. (Different Volumes of gases to make graph visible) Plots of V against T using the Kelvin scale for temperature. (Different Volumes of gases to make graph visible)

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-12 Figure 13.13: (a) A gas confined in a cylinder with a movable piston. (b) The temperature of the gas is increased at constant pressure P ext.

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-13 Figure 13.4: A J-tube similar to the one used by Boyle.

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-14 Figure 13.3: Gas pressure = atmospheric pressure – h.

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-15 Figure 13.3: Gas pressure = atmospheric pressure + h.

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-16 Table 13.1

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-17 Figure 13.5: A plot of P versus V from Boyle’s data.

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-18 Figure 13.6: Illustration of Boyle’s law.

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-19 “Vacuum-packed Students” Increasing the external pressure reduces the volume.

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-20 Figure 13.10: When two gases are present, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.

21. Collecting Gas over Water Pressure Total = P O2 + P H2O

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-22 Figure 13.12: The production of oxygen by thermal decomposition.

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company13-23 Application: A gas sample is compressed. Use KMT to explain all the variables.