2. Heat All matter has heat even an ice cube. As more heat is added to the ice the molecules will move faster and eventually spread far enough apart to become a liquid.

3. Heat on the move  Heat moves from a warmer substance to a cooler substance.

4. Temperature  Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.  As the particles move faster and their average kinetic energy becomes greater the temperature rises.

5. Heat and Temp not the same  Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in the sample.  Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles in a sample.

6. Heat is measured in a unit called calorie. A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree celsius.

7. Thermal Energy Thermal energy is related to the energy of the particles that make up matter.

8. Thermal Energy  Is the total energy of particles in the material.  This total includes both kinetic and potential energy.  Kinetic refers to motion/vibrations  Potential refers to forces that act within or between the particles.

9. Thermal Energy  The more mass a material has at the same temperature the more thermal energy it has.

10. Specific Heat  The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance one kelvin is called its specific heat.  Measured in joules per kilogram per kelvin  J/ (kg x K)

11. Specific Heat  Temperature does not rise and fall at the same rate for all objects.  The amount of heat required to raise the temperature depends on the chemical makeup of the material.  Different materials need more or less heat to change their temperature by the same amount.

12. Freezing and boiling point ScaleFreezingPointBoilingPointAbsoluteZero Celsius0100-273 Fahrenheit32212-460 Kelvin2733730

13. Absolute Zero The coldest temperature possible. All heat has been removed.

14. Freezing/ Melting  Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.  Melting point is the point at which a solid changes to a liquid

15. Boiling Point  Point when liquid changes to a gas.

16. Boiling and Freezing points Are different for different substances.

17. Evaporation  This occurs on the surface of a liquid. The atoms of the liquid on the surface gain enough heat energy to escape as a gas.

18. Boiling  When a liquid boils the bubbles form throughout the liquid and rise out of the liquid.

19. What is conduction  Conduction is the process of heat transfer.  Transfer of energy through matter in which energy moves from particle to particle.

20. Conductors and Insulators  Metals are good conductors of heat.  A conductor is a material that allows heat to move through it easily.  Insulators do not conduct heat well.  Examples are wood, plastic, straw and paper.

21. Convection  Convection is the transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter in which particles move from place to place in a fluid, carrying the energy with them.

22. Convection Current  Water boils at the bottom of a heated pot, its particles move faster, and they also move farther apart. As a result heated water becomes less dense. The heated water rises and the surrounding cooler water flows into its place. This flow creates a circular motion called the convection current.

23. Radiation  Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.  Radiation does not require matter to transfer thermal energy

24. Solar Radiation  Process by which energy from the sun can be transported.

25. Sunlight  Made up of infrared – heat  Visible light – what we see  Ultraviolet radiation.  Ultraviolet radiation is harmful to your body.

26. SPF  Sun Protection Factor is the is how sunscreens are rated. The SPF ratings indicate the amount of protection that a sunscreen will provide.

27. Sunlight Dangers  Eye disease  Weaken bodies ability to fight some viruses  Skin cancers