1. The Musculoskeletal System BY: Adreahna Young & Austin Goodwin

2. Types of Joints/Movements Synovial joints: are movable, dense layer of bone. Synovial joints: are movable, dense layer of bone. Fibrous Joints: brought together dense connect tissue, skull ( sature). Fibrous Joints: brought together dense connect tissue, skull ( sature). Cartilage Joints: connected with cartilage, growth plate of young animals.Have two vertebrae's /invertible disk. Cartilage Joints: connected with cartilage, growth plate of young animals.Have two vertebrae's /invertible disk.

4. Types of vertebrae's Thoracic vertebra Thoracic vertebra Are found in the next division of the spinal column. Lumbar vertebra: located on lower back between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. Flexes and extends as animals walk and run. Sacrum Vertebra: 3 vertebras fuses to support the pelvis, than joins with pelvis, allowing the hind limbs to support the weight of the body.

5. Bone Structure /Musculature System Bones furnish 5 basic functions they are Leverage structure, protection, mineral reserves and blood cell productions.The most visible bone is structure, that gives more protection to fragile bones. Bones furnish 5 basic functions they are Leverage structure, protection, mineral reserves and blood cell productions.The most visible bone is structure, that gives more protection to fragile bones. For the musculature system the outer shell id filled with dense /thick bones. The compact bones are called “ spongy “. For the musculature system the outer shell id filled with dense /thick bones. The compact bones are called “ spongy “.

6. Hip Dysplasia Causes: This disease has a few types of causes including it being degenerative, animal weight gain, or even the preventable (ageing) Causes: This disease has a few types of causes including it being degenerative, animal weight gain, or even the preventable (ageing) Symptoms: Symptoms: Bunny hopping (especially up stairs Bunny hopping (especially up stairs Stiffness/pain Stiffness/pain Difficulty standing Difficulty standing Back legs more close together then front legs Back legs more close together then front legs

7. Hip Dysplasia Cures/ Help Try to help your animal lose weight and be active Try to help your animal lose weight and be active There are prescribed medications for this disease There are prescribed medications for this disease Massages are able to allow muscles to heal and relax from the pain Massages are able to allow muscles to heal and relax from the pain Try to stay away from high intense playing involving jumping or fast running Try to stay away from high intense playing involving jumping or fast running

8. Hip Dysplasia After surgery After surgery The animal’s muscles will Begin to heal themselves

9. Comminuted/Simple breaks These are typically caused by excessive pressure put onto the bones causeing breakage These are typically caused by excessive pressure put onto the bones causeing breakage When this happens you are to take them to the vet immediately When this happens you are to take them to the vet immediately The vet will reduce the pain in the animal The vet will reduce the pain in the animal They will try to clean the wound and apply antibiotics to keep infections from setting in They will try to clean the wound and apply antibiotics to keep infections from setting in there there

10. Types of bone breaks

11. How treatments go for broken Bones Bone plate and screws Bone plate and screws Pin in the leg Pin in the leg

12. Muscular System Bones and muscles have to work together really well in an animal’s body for these reasons: Bones and muscles have to work together really well in an animal’s body for these reasons: The muscles work with the bones to allow movement The muscles work with the bones to allow movement muscles connect the bones with the tissue needed to allow the skeletal system to move their body parts muscles connect the bones with the tissue needed to allow the skeletal system to move their body parts Muscles align the bones for posture and people move, breath, balance, and swallowing Muscles align the bones for posture and people move, breath, balance, and swallowing

13. Types Of Muscle Groups Involuntary Muscles Involuntary Muscles Muscles that don’t take thought to be moved Muscles that don’t take thought to be moved Voluntary Muscles Voluntary Muscles Muscles that take electromagnetic pulses from the brain to be flexed to provide movement for the body

14. Vocabulary Radiology: A photograph taken when streams of x-rays pass through the body and expose film. Radiology: A photograph taken when streams of x-rays pass through the body and expose film. Axial skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of skull and vertebrae, ribs and serum. Axial skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of skull and vertebrae, ribs and serum. Appendicular skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of limb bones. Appendicular skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of limb bones. Cranial drawer sign: diagnostic test for a torn cruciate ligament. Cranial drawer sign: diagnostic test for a torn cruciate ligament. X-Ray: electromagnetic radiation, which can pass through living tissue. X-Ray: electromagnetic radiation, which can pass through living tissue. Radiology: study of radiographs. Radiology: study of radiographs. Simple fracture :clean bone break Simple fracture :clean bone break Compound ( Open) fracture : bone break which the bone punctures the skin. Compound ( Open) fracture : bone break which the bone punctures the skin. Hip Displaysia: disease ball and socket joint resulting from a shallow rather than normally deep socket. Hip Displaysia: disease ball and socket joint resulting from a shallow rather than normally deep socket.