1. Master Brewer Program (6 Weeks) 1. Fluids fundamentals and equipment. 2. Fluids test. Heat transfer fundamentals and equipment. 3. Heat transfer test. Insulation, steam, refrigeration. 4. Heat exchanger/steam/refrigeration test. Materials, process control 5.. Materials and process control test. Instrumentation, pasteurization, filtration and process gases. 6. Instrumentation, pasteurization, filtration and process gas test. Wrap-up.

2. How this Relates to the IBD Syllabus 3.1 Packaging Materials 3.2 Unit Packaging Operations 3.3 Sterile Filtration and Pasteurization 3.4 Packaging Line Design 3.5 Quality 3.6 Process Gases 3.7 Fluid Flow 3.8 Principles of Heat Transfer 3.9 Steam 3.10 Refrigeration 3.11 Materials of Construction 3.12 Process Control and Instrumentation

3. So, what do we need to know about fluids 3.7.1 Forms of fluid and fluid energy 3.7.2 Properties of moving fluids 3.7.3 Friction loss 3.7.4 Pumps 3.7.5 System design 3.7.6 Cavitation and NPSH 3.7.7 Valves Qualitative and Quantitative

4. So, what do we need to know about H.T.? 3.8.1 Forms of heat energy 3.8.2 Heat transfer mechanisms 3.8.3 Conduction 3.8.4 Convection 3.8.5 Multi-Component Barrier 3.8.6 Boiling and Condensation 3.8.7 Radiation 3.8.8 Heat Exchanger Sizing 3.8.9 Plate Heat Exchanger Design 3.8.10 Plate Heat Exchanger Applications 3.8.11 Jacketed Vessels 3.8.12 Shell and Tube Applications 3.8.13 Insulation

5. Forms of Heat Energy Specific Heat Capacity Latent Heat (enthalpy of vaporization) Exothermic Heat (chemical to sensible) Examples of these in brewery Heat transfer mechanisms Conduction – contact between atoms/mol. Convection – in fluid, natural or forced Radiation – electromagnetic waves Conduction – Thick walled tubes – Area increases with radius. Log mean radius. Fouling – Thin layer of low k material.

6. Convection – What is it? Natural vs. forced convection Effect of velocity, turbulence (vel profile) Film heat transfer coefficient Some Heat Transfer Equations for multi- component systems (MANY APPLICATIONS):

7. Boiling and Condensation Nucleate vs. film boiling Copper – well wetted surface Stainless steel – less-well wetted Larger bubbles on stainless (larger surface tension) Smaller bubbles better (conductivity of liquid greater than vapor) Effect of delta T between boiling liquid and heat transfer surface Radiation Factors effecting radiation heat transfer Areas of brewery where rad is significant

8. Heat exchange – conservation of energy Rate of E in – Rate of E out = Rate of E Accumulation Wort H2OH2O

9. Log Mean Temperature Difference Parallel FlowCounter Flow Length Temperature T1T1 TT T2T2 Length Temperature T1T1 TT T2T2

10. Log Mean Temperature Difference

11. Plate Heat Exchangers Construction, Components, and Configuration Function of Plate Patterns Typical Heat Transfer Coefficients Importance of Gaskets, Divider Plates Parallel and Series Passes to Match Flow and Heat Requirements Typical Approach Temperatures Calculation of Area, Number of Plates

12. Plate heat exchanger (wort, beer cool, pasteurize)

13. Use of Plate Heat Exchangers in: Wort cooling (both single and 2 stage) Beer chilling Pasteurizaton Importance of fouling/ scaling problems CIP techniques Process and instrumentation arrangement Leakage protection

14. Two-stage wort cooler Single-stage stage wort cooler Hot Wort 85  C Hot Water 80  C Cool Wort 15  C Cold Water 10  C 2 nd Refrig. -5  C Cold Wort 0  C 2 nd Refrig. 10  C Hot Wort 85  C Cold Wort 7-15  C Cold Water 10  C 2 nd Refrig. -5  C Colder Water 2  C Hot Water 80  C

15. CIP of Plate Heat Exchanger

16. Jacketed Vessels

17. Shell and Tube (steam raising, calandria)

18. Insulation Above ambient temp – open pore Fiberglass Below ambient temp – closed pore Plastic foams Air is good (low conductivity) Convection is bad (tiny air pockets) Water is bad (higher k than air)

19. So, what do we need to know about H.T.? 3.8.1 Forms of heat energy 3.8.2 Heat transfer mechanisms 3.8.3 Conduction 3.8.4 Convection 3.8.5 Multi-Component Barrier 3.8.6 Boiling and Condensation 3.8.7 Radiation 3.8.8 Heat Exchanger Sizing 3.8.9 Plate Heat Exchanger Design 3.8.10 Plate Heat Exchanger Applications 3.8.11 Jacketed Vessels 3.8.12 Shell and Tube Applications 3.8.13 Insulation

20. Right Now Heat transfer problems. Readings for Next Tuesday CD, Section 3.8 Review BS+T pp. 102-113 Read BS+T pp. 115-143 Read Kunze pp. 232-235, 289-319, 347- 352, 816-821