1.  Roosevelt becomes President after McKinley is assassinated  USA needs to quickly move from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean  Decides to build canal through Panama

2.  France began construction on the canal in 1881. ◦ Led by engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps  About $287,000,000 had been spent  20,000 French men had died ◦ Mostly of yellow fever and malaria, ◦ French gave up

3.  Colombia refused to grant the U.S. permission to complete the canal project.  Therefore, the U.S. encouraged the Panamanian people to revolt against Colombia.  On November 3, 1903, Panama declared their independence from Colombia and allowed the U.S. to build the canal.

4.  U.S. workers first sprayed tons of insecticide across Panama in order to destroy the mosquito eggs in an attempt to limit cases of malaria and yellow fever.

5. 1905 fumigation car eradicating the mosquitoes - Panama City Panama Canal

6.  Using mainly black workers from the West Indies  The U.S. finished the canal in 1914.  1909 Arrival of SS. Ancon with 1500 laborers from Barbados at the Cristobal Port in Colon, Panama

7.  Animation: How the Panama Canal Works Animation: How the Panama Canal Works

8.  Established by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1904  U.S. had right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order  Extension of the Monroe Doctrine  The U.S. used the Roosevelt Corollary frequently, angering Latin American countries.

9. The Big Stick and the Caribbean Sea