1. Bacteria Quick Fact – Used to be in the Kingdom Monera – 1 kingdom, now they are in 2 separate kingdoms and 2 separate domains. Remember: New discoveries in science lead to new conclusions – science always changes.

2. General Bacteria Facts 3 basic shapes –Coccus –Bacillus –Spirillus 3 basic arrangements –Strepto –Staphylo –Diplo 2 main types based on a staining technique –Gram Positive – stain purple - PEPTIDOGLYCAN –Gram Negative – stain pink – NO Peptidoglycan

3. Shapes of Bacteria

4. Arrangement of Bacteria

5. Name the Bacteria Below

9. Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

11. Bacteria In Love 3 ways to Reproduce –Conjugation Sexual – 2 bacteria swap DNA –Binary Fission Asexual – like cell division –Endospore Self-preservation – bacteria cell goes into a state of dormancy (no movement, no metabolism) – when conditions are ideal, the bacteria will come out of its dormancy

12. How do bacteria move? Cilia Flagella Stationary Some move by gliding or spiraling

13. Bacteria and Energy Photoheterotrophs – can make their own food with light, but also can ingest food around them Chemoautotrophs – absorb the chemicals around them to make their own energy/ food –Bacteria that are used to clean up oil spills Heterotrophs – get food from their surroundings Photoautotrophs – make their own food via photosynthesis

14. Bacteria and their Environment Obligate Aerobe – must have oxygen and cannot live in an anaerobic environment Obligate Anaerobe – does not metabolize oxygen and cannot live in an aerobic environment Facultative Anaerobe – depends on oxygen, but can live in an non-oxygenated environment by switching to fermentation

15. Good and Bad Decomposers Nitrogen Fixation Fermentation to create Sourdough Bread, Pickles, Cheeses Clean up oil spills Sewage disposal Botox Breaking down metals – gold mining Cause many diseases –Strep Throat –Pneumonia –Salmonella Poisoning –Botulism – improperly canned vegetables –E.Coli Poisoning –Anthrax –Bubonic Plague

16. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algea) Gave rise to modern-day algae – which is in the Kingdom Protista Endosymbiotic Theory – says this is where the chloroplast and eukaryotic algae came from

17. Kingdom Eubacteria Streptococcus pyogenes Escheria coli http://www.microscopyconsulting.com http://lenta.ru/news/2005/09/30/bacteria/

18. Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Bacteria Prokaryote Cell wall, peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic & heterotrophic Can be the cause of many different diseases

19. Kingdom Archaebacteria http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~rhdt/diplo ma/lecture_6/ Halophile (salt lover) Methanogen http://home.arcor.de/mpaetzold2001 /astrobio011109.html

20. Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Archaea Prokaryote Cell wall, no peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic & Heterotrophic Known as Extremophiles – live in harsh conditions Earliest organisms to have lived

21. Extremophiles Halophiles – Salt Lake, UT Thermophiles – found in thermal vents in the oceans Thermoacidophiles – found in Old Faithful geisers Psychrophiles – very cold areas