1. Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration The breakdown of food molecules to release energy to the cell.

2. Connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

3. In cellular respiration it is NADH NOT NADPH!

5. Anaerobic respiration: 2 kinds

6. Anaerobic respiration is used in wine-making

10. Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis: Glucose is broken cytoplasm 2. Transition Reaction: Convert pyruvate to AcetylCoA 3. Krebs Cycle: Produce most NADH and FADH 2 4. Electron Transport Chain: Convert NADH and FADH 2 to ATP

11. Glycolysis: breaking glucose into pyruvate occurs in cytoplasm

14. Transition Reaction: converts pyruvate to acetylcoA occurs in intermembrane space of mitochondria

15. Substrate-level phosphorylation: when ATPsynthase makes ATP

17. General Summary of Krebs cycle (Know your blue sheet!) Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

19. Electron Transport Chain: converts NADH and FADH 2 to ATP occurs in cristae

23. Ch. 40,44 Metabolism

24. Strategies for Body Temperature Endotherm: most body heat obtained internally (from metabolism) Endotherms tend to be homeotherms (maintain a constant body temperature) Ectotherms: most body heat obtained externally (from environment) Ectotherms tend to be poikilotherms (allow body temperature to fluctuate with environmental temperature)

25. Modes of Heat Loss and Gain Radiation: heat loss or gain by a difference in body temperature and the environment Conduction: heat loss or gain by direct contact with an object Convection: heat loss or gain by wind or water currents Evaporation: heat loss only, cooling mechanism

26. Body Temp = Heat Produced + Heat Gained – Heat Lost (By Metabolism) (From Environment) (To Environment)

27. Temperature Tolerances CTmi n CTmax

28. Torpor: Hummingbirds Body temperature and oxygen consumption (red line) are high when hummingbirds are active during the day but may drop to 1/20 these levels during periods of food shortage. Dawn Dusk

29. Osmoregulation: salt and water balance

30. What does osmoregulation for us?

31. Water Balance In The K-Rat

32. Special adaptations: Kangaroo rats

33. Excretion of nitrogenous wastes