1. Chemical Contaminates and their Sources.

2. Sources of Contaminates Energy Agriculture Industrial/Hazardous Wastes Sewage

3. Energy Obtaining and use of energy resources is the major cause for water being polluted.

4. Energy Mining adds sediments to water. Oil Spills Nuclear: Release of radioactive wastes. Power plants: – Release heat into the water. (Thermal pollution) – Gas molecules that dissolve in water fall to the Earth as acid rain.

5. Industrial/Hazardous Wastes Illegal dump sites. Leaks from landfill sites. Chemical spills from pipe leaks or accidents.

6. Industrial/Hazardous Waste Chromium: Cancer causing Copper: Can damage the liver. Makes the water taste bitter. Cyanide: Extremely toxic Iron: Mining. Dangerous in high concentrations only. pH: Less than 6.0 and greater than 8.5 Salinity: Salt

7. Agriculture/Sewage runoff Animals wastes – Biological (bacteria and viruses) – Chemicals in the waste Chemicals – Fertilizers – Pesticides Sediments from land erosion

8. Agriculture (Fertilizers) Ammonium Nitrate Phosphates Nitrates/Nitrites

9. Sewage (Animal Wastes) Ammonium Nitrates Phosphates Nitrates/Nitrites * Sulfides * Chlorine (Used by water reclamation facilities to disinfect the water prior to releasing it into the environment again)

10. Nitrogen and phosphate compounds found in both: *animal wastes *fertilizers can cause an alga bloom.

11. Natural contaminates Iron : A lot of minerals contain iron compounds in them. Hardness : The amount of calcium and magnesium compounds that are dissolved in water. Silicates : A lot of minerals contain silicate compounds in them.

12. Dissolved gases in water. Dissolved Oxygen (DO): – A healthy water body will have a 3 ppm or greater. Carbon dioxide: – High levels are unhealthy to aquatic animals like fish. This could be an indicator that the water source has an overpopulation of aerobic bacteria.