1. Estrous synchronization & ovulation induction ชัยวัฒน์ จรัสแสง ภาควิชาศัลยศาสตร์และ วิทยาการสืบพันธุ์

2. References Hafez, E.S.E. and Hafez, B. Reproduction in farm animals Hafez, E.S.E. and Hafez, B. Reproduction in farm animals seven edition seven edition Gasser, C.L. and Day, M. L. Current and Future Estrous Synchronization Systems Gasser, C.L. and Day, M. L. Current and Future Estrous Synchronization Systems. Handbook of estrous synchronization WAAESD Handbook of estrous synchronization

3. Estrous cycle 21 days (17-24 days) Estrous cycle 21 days (17-24 days) Synchronize or induce Synchronize or induce Normal estrous cycle Normal estrous cycle Estrous synchronization

10. Synchronization in Farm animals Days to first breeding (DFB) voluntary waiting period (VWP) TAI or Fixed Time AI

11. Synchronization Shortening the luteal phase Shortening the luteal phase –Luteolysis –PGF 2  –Estrogen Extending the luteal phase Extending the luteal phase –Long term of progestogen 14-21 days –Negative feedback on LH

12. Advantages of synchronized ovulation Can synchronize large group to ovulate Can synchronize large group to ovulate at same time at same time Shorten calving season Shorten calving season Reduce labor required for AI breeding Reduce labor required for AI breeding Reduces overall management problems Reduces overall management problems with AI with AI Market uniform calf crop (same age) Market uniform calf crop (same age) Improves management practices (cattle grouped-closer observation, better feeding practices, etc.) Improves management practices (cattle grouped-closer observation, better feeding practices, etc.)

13. Disadvantages of synchronized ovulation Low conception rates Low conception rates Cost Cost Concentrated labor required during Concentrated labor required during breeding and calving season breeding and calving season Cows all calving at once (especially Cows all calving at once (especially bad if have many calving problems) bad if have many calving problems)

14. Compounds used in ovulation synchronization Progestogens or progestagens Progestogens or progestagens 1. Progesterone –Neutralizes the corpus luteum and its natural production of progesterone to rearrange cycle –Used in cattle –CIDR, PRID

17. Progestogens Progestogens 2. Synthetic progestogens 2. Synthetic progestogens - Norgestomet Crestar ® (implant) - Norgestomet Crestar ® (implant) - Medroxyacetate progesterone (MAP) Inject - Medroxyacetate progesterone (MAP) Inject - Melengestrol acetate (MGA) (oral) - Melengestrol acetate (MGA) (oral)

19. Prostaglandins Prostaglandins Prostaglandins - Ceases function of the corpus luteum - Must have functional corpus luteum - No effect on developing CL before 5 days of age 5 days of age - No effect on waning CL after about 16 days of age about 16 days of age

20. PGF 2  Natural PGF 2  Natural PGF 2  –Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse ® ) Synthetic analogue Synthetic analogue –Cloprostenol sodium Estrumate ® –Luprostinal Prosolvin ® –Etiproston tromethamine Prostavet ®

21. PGF 2  Prostaglandin analogue Prostaglandin analogue a.Very similar to prostaglandin compounds b.Can separate the effects of the prostaglandins (e.g. analogues produce less sweating in mares than prostaglandins)

22. PGF 2  Intramuscular injection requires higher dosage than intrauterine injection because of the short half-life of the substance Intramuscular injection requires higher dosage than intrauterine injection because of the short half-life of the substance a.Metabolizes quickly once in circulation b.Half-life about 2-3 minutes; approximately 90% deactivated in single passage through body Used in cows, ewes, sows and mares IVSM (intravulvosubmucosal) IVSM (intravulvosubmucosal) Warning::::::::>>> Causes of abortion

24. GnRH agonists Hypothalamus hormone Hypothalamus hormone Release of FSH, LH Release of FSH, LH Buselerin (Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, OvaCyst®)

26. Estrogens Estradiol conjugates Estradiol conjugates –Estradiol valerate –Estradiol bazoate –Estradiol cypionate

27. Gonadotropins eCG or PMSG (equine chorionic gonadotropin or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin) eCG or PMSG (equine chorionic gonadotropin or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin) FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone) FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

28. Swine synchronization 1. Progestogen (Altrenogest) (Regumate ® ) -Fed 14-18 days -Normal estrus begins on 4-5 days after withdrawal -Estrus 2-4 days -Fixed-time 6-7 days after progestogen withdrawal Side effects in swine - Development of cystic follicles - Lowered fertility

29. Swine synchronization 2. Inject 500-1000 IU of hCG –On days 12 –Then Inject PGF 2  about 3 weeks later

30. Horses synchronization Altrenogest (Regumate ® ) Altrenogest (Regumate ® ) –Fed 15 days –Estrus 3 days after withdrawal PGF 2  PGF 2  –Diestrous –Single injection  estrous 3-5 days hCG and PGF 2  hCG and PGF 2  PGF2  PGF2  PGF2  hCG PGF2  hCG estrus 1 7-8 15 21-22 2-4 days

31. Sheep and Goats Synchronization Ewes estrus (16 days) Does estrus (21 days) Ewes estrus (16 days) Does estrus (21 days) Progestogen (implant or pessary) Progestogen (implant or pessary) –Implant 12-14 days sheep –Implant 18-21 days goats –Inject eCG 400-800 IU at withdrawal –TAI ewe at 48-60 hrs and does 30- 48 hrs after progestogen withdrawal

32. PGF 2  PGF 2  –Ewes 2 injection 9 days apart double AI at 2-3 days –Does 2 injection 11-12 days apart AI or natural mating at 2-3 days Sheep and Goats Synchronization

33. Cattle synchronization PGF 2  PGF 2  –Two PGF 2  11-14 days apart –Estrus 72-96 hrs

35. Cattle synchronization Progestogen and PGF 2  Progestogen and PGF 2  –Vaginal pessary CIDR or PRID 7 days –PGF 2  inject at 6 days –AI at Estrus (48-72 hrs)

37. Cattle synchronization MGA and PGF 2  MGA and PGF 2 

38. Cattle synchronization Progestogen and estrogen Progestogen and estrogen –3 mg Norgestomet implant –5 mg estradiol valerate inject – removal implant 9 days –AI when esturs or TAI 54 hrs after removal

39. GnRH and PGF 2  Novel protocols Novel protocols GnRH agonist + GnRH agonist + –PGF 2  –CIDR –MGA

42. Heat-Synch ECP at 48hrs

50. 45+-3 พีจี เก็บเลือด ตรวจสัด พีจี จีเอ็นอาร์เอช พีจี จีเอ็นอาร์เอช ผสมเทียม เก็บเลือด ตรวจสัด