1. LOGISTICS, LOGISTICAL, LOGISTIC: DIACHRONIC AND SYNCHRONIC CORPUS ANALYSIS Dr. Violeta Jurkovič Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport Portorož

2. Introduction The terminal in Verona supports the production of three main operator categories: production activities, forwarding agents and logistic operators. In order to alleviate the pressure on the environment, it will be necessary for further logistical plans to include green solutions.

3. Introduction

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6. A language corpus is … … a collection of authentic texts (Krek and Arhar, 2010), which is homogeneously encoded and computer readable (Aston, 1996).

7. Introduction Main research question: pre-modifying function in nominal phrases in English texts –logistics terminal –logistical terminal –logistic terminal

8. Methodology International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management Three volumes 162 articles 199420042013 Articles566640 Tokens181,981226,328243,041 Types8,96410,31611,042

9. Methodology Keywords …... appear in the specialized corpus significantly more often (at the level of p=0.000) than in the referential corpus (BNC = British National Corpus) Collocates …... are words that are habitually met with other words with a frequency greater than chance.

10. Results QUESTION 1: Which are the keywords in each of the sub-corpora compared to the BNC?

11. Results – keywords – 1994 NKey wordFreq.% 1LOGISTICS7210.40 2CUSTOMER7140.39 3SUPPLIER5080.28 4SERVICE7760.43 5DISTRIBUTION4440.24 33LOGISTICAL790.04 360LOGISTICIANS9 LOGISTIC00

12. Results – keywords – 2004 NKey wordFreq.% 1SUPPLY1,5860.70 2LOGISTICS8460.37 3CHAIN1,2020.53 4SUPPLIER5620.25 5MANAGEMENT8840.39 390LOGISTIC22 411LOGISTICAL19 LOGISTICIANS00

13. Results – keywords – 2013 NKey wordFreq.% 1AL1,2310.48 2ET1,1930.47 3SUPPLY1,1760.46 4CHAIN9370.37 5LOGISTICS6190.24 301LOGISTICAL290.01 368LOGISTIC280.01 LOGISTICIANS00

14. Results QUESTION 2: Does a comparison among the results indicate any variation in the use of ‘logistic’, ‘logistical’, and ‘logistics’ through time?

15. Results - keywords

16. Results QUESTION 3: What are the most frequent collocates with ‘logistic’, ‘logistical’, and ‘logistics’ in each volume?

17. Results – R1 collocates of ‚logistics‘ 199420042013 IS36AND67AND44 MANAGEMENT32MANAGEMENT52ALLIANCE26 OPERATIONS31RESEARCH51ACTIVITIES21 SERVICE29CAPABILITIES38SERVICES21 SYSTEM29DISCIPLINE35RESEARCH18 PERFORMANCE26IN25SCHOLARS17

18. Results – R1 collocates of ‚logistical‘ 199420042013 SEGMENTATION14AND1SUPPORT5 CHANNELS5PACKAGING1 COSTS5 EXCELLENCE5 FUNCTIONS5

19. Results – R1 collocates of ‚logistic‘ 199420042013 FLOW4REGRESSION12SUPPORT8 FLOW5AND3

20. Discussion Logistics Logistical Logistic Operators Plans Activities System

21. Discussion Logistic/al only adjectives Logistics – noun or pre-modifier (high frequency) Versatility of English nouns – language transfer ‚support‘ links well with all three forms Share and ranking of ‚logistics‘ decreased Ranking of ‚supply‘ and ‚chain‘ improved Research shift? Corpus analysis to illustrate trends (‚logistics alliance/s‘ in 2013)

22. Conclusion Logistics Logistical Logistic