1. THE LECTURE: Boon or bane? Dilip Nair, M.D. Family & Community Health

2. The lecture is the most inefficient method of diffusing culture. It became obsolete with the invention of printing [and more so with the invention of the internet.] It survives only in our universities and their lay imitators, and a few other backward institutions...” B.F. Skinner, Walden Two, 1946 Cited in Residents as Teachers: A Guide to Educational Practice, Schwenk and Whitman, 1993 Emphasis mine.

3. Are lectures worth giving in medical education?

4. Nothing is worse than a poor lecture, disorganized and badly delivered. But nothing is more effective than a good lecture, combining substance with showmanship. Change Magazine, 1978

5. What makes a lecture effective?

6. Style Matters Dr. Fox Effect Neal Whitman’s experiment

7. Goal More effective Lectures at JCESOM

8. Objectives To Ask Clarifying Questions Regarding: – Lecture Construction – Lecture Delivery

9. Outline Lecture Construction – Appropriate Tool – Adequate Accessories Lecture Delivery – Rapport – Attention

10. Lecture Construction: Appropriate Tool? Overall Teaching Goals Specific Learning Objectives Format Organization Content

11. Question 1 How Do Lectures Fit into the Big Pedagogical Picture?

12. Big Pedagogical Picture Active Learning vs. Passive Learning Instructional Dialogue Assigned Independent Study

13. Question 2 Is a Lecture Appropriate for the Specific Learning Objectives?

14. Taxonomy of Objectives Cognitive Affective Behavioral

15. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognition Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge

16. Question 3 What is the most appropriate Format for the lecture?

17. Lecture Format Expository Participatory

18. Question 4 Is the Lecture adequately Organized?

19. Lecture Organization Introduction Preview and Overview Body Conclusion

20. Question 5 What is the most appropriate Content for the lecture?

21. Lecture Content Selected Concepts Scarce Information Complex Information

22. Outline Lecture Construction – Appropriate Tool – Adequate Accessories Lecture Delivery – Rapport – Attention

23. Lecture Construction: Adequate Accessories PowerPoint Handout Demonstrations Speaker’s Notes

24. Question 6 Are the PowerPoint slides appropriate?

25. PowerPoint Slides Legibility Simplicity Utility

26. Question 7 What is the most appropriate Handout?

27. Handouts Purpose Format

28. Question 8 What Practical Demonstrations might be helpful?

29. Demonstrations Guests Models Analogies Anecdote

30. Question 9 What Speaker’s Notes might be helpful?

31. Speaker’s Notes Reference material Optimal speaking style

32. Outline Lecture Construction – Appropriate Tool – Adequate Accessories Lecture Delivery – Rapport – Attention

33. Question 10 What might facilitate Rapport with the Learners?

34. Lecture Delivery: Rapport Beginning Continuing Ending

35. Question 11 What might facilitate the Attention of the learners?

36. Lecture Delivery: Attention Non-verbal communication Speaking Interacting

37. Where Have We Been? Lecture Construction – Appropriate Tool – Adequate Accessories Lecture Delivery – Rapport – Attention

38. Why Did We Go There? To Ask Clarifying Questions Regarding: – Lecture Construction – Lecture Delivery

39. Question 12 Are lectures worth giving in medical education?

40. Answer: YES! BUT: Thoughtfully constructed & Carefully Delivered