1. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 1 Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, 5th Edition by Dominick Salvatore Chapter 2 Optimization Techniques and New Management Tools

2. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 2 Expressing Economic Relationships Equations: TR = 100Q - 10Q 2 Tables: Graphs:

3. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 3 Total, Average, and Marginal Cost AC = TC/Q MC =  TC/  Q

4. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 4 Total, Average, and Marginal Cost

5. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 5 Profit Maximization

6. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 6 Profit Maximization

7. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 7 Concept of the Derivative The derivative of Y with respect to X is equal to the limit of the ratio  Y/  X as  X approaches zero.

8. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 8 Rules of Differentiation Constant Function Rule: The derivative of a constant, Y = f(X) = a, is zero for all values of a (the constant).

9. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 9 Rules of Differentiation Power Function Rule: The derivative of a power function, where a and b are constants, is defined as follows.

10. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 10 Rules of Differentiation Sum-and-Differences Rule: The derivative of the sum or difference of two functions U and V, is defined as follows.

11. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 11 Rules of Differentiation Product Rule: The derivative of the product of two functions U and V, is defined as follows.

12. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 12 Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule: The derivative of the ratio of two functions U and V, is defined as follows.

13. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 13 Rules of Differentiation Chain Rule: The derivative of a function that is a function of X is defined as follows.

14. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 14 Optimization With Calculus Find X such that dY/dX = 0 Second derivative rules: If d 2 Y/dX 2 > 0, then X is a minimum. If d 2 Y/dX 2 < 0, then X is a maximum.

15. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 15 New Management Tools Benchmarking Total Quality Management Reengineering The Learning Organization

16. Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 16 Other Management Tools Broadbanding Direct Business Model Networking Pricing Power Small-World Model Virtual Integration Virtual Management