1. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES/CLONING James G. Anderson, Ph.D. Department of Sociology & Anthropology

2. Chronology 1950 - First successful freezing of bull semen for artificial insemination. 1952 - First animal cloning of frogs from tadpole cells. 1962 - Cloning of frogs from cells of older tadpoles

3. Chronology 1978 - Birth of first in vitro fertilization baby, Louise. 1983 - First human mother to mother embryo transfer 1986 - First surrogate mother, Mary Beth Whitehead and Baby M.

4. Chronology 1993 - Human embryos cloned by splitting a human embryo. 1996-7 - Cloning of Dolly, a sheep. 1997-8 - Inducement of human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into different types of cells.

5. Chronology 1998 - 7 mice produced which are clones of clones from the cells of a single mouse 1998 - 8 calves are cloned from a single cow (4 die during birth) 1998 - Korean researchers combine an egg and a cell from a single donor to produce the first stages of a human embryo

6. If you had a chance would you clone yourself? (Telephone poll of 1,005 adult Americans, Feb 1997)

7. Is it against God’s will to clone human beings? (Telephone poll of 1,005 adult Americans, Feb 1997)

8. Should the Federal Government regulate the cloning of animals? (Telephone poll of 1,005 adult Americans, Feb 1997)

9. Questions Is cloning merely another reproductive technology like IVF? Does cloning raise new ethical issues? Is cloning permissible for some purposes but not for others? Does the pre-embryo have a certain moral status that needs to be respected?

10. Questions Can we reconcile the concerns about the pre- embryo with the basic right to procreate? Do individuals/couples have a right to have children with certain characteristics? Should the government prohibit/regulate cloning?