1. 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt

2. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

3. Hazardous and Solid Waste

4. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

5. Hazardous Waste Super fund

6. Oil Pollution Act (OPA)

7. Oil Spills

8. Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)

9. Seeks to prevent pollution through the reduced generation of pollutants at their origin

10. Ionizing radiation

11. : enough energy to knock electrons from atoms forming ions, capable of causing cancer (ex gamma-Xrays-UV)

12. High Quality Energy

13. organized & concentrated, can perform useful work (ex fossil fuel & nuclear)

14. Low Quality Energy

15. disorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind, solar)

16. First Law of Thermodynamics

17. energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another

18. Second Law of Thermodynamics

19. when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)

20. Natural radioactive decay

21. unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha & beta particles

22. Half life

23. the time it takes for ½ of something to decay; the mass of a radioisotope to decay

24. Estimate of how long a radioactive isotope must be stored until it decays to a safe level

25. approximately 10 half-lives

26. Nuclear Fission

27. nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons

28. Nuclear Fusion

29. 2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Expensive, break even point not reached yet...too hot.

30. Ore

31. a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine

32. Mineral Reserve

33. identified deposits currently profitable to extract

34. Best solution to Energy shortage, two things:

35. conservation and increase efficiency

36. Surface mining

37. cheaper & can remove more mineral, less hazardous to workers

38. Humus

39. organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms

40. Leaching

41. removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards

42. Illuviation

43. deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B)

44. Loam

45. perfect agricultural soil with equal portions of sand, silt, clay

46. Solutions to soil problems

47. conservation tillage, crop rotation, contour plowing, organic fertilizers

48. Parts of the hydrologic cycle (6)

49. evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration

50. Aquifer

51. any water bearing layer in the ground