1. How Solid Forms Chapter 2 Section 3 6 th Grade Team

2. Standards S.6.6.b Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable. S.6.6.b Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable.

3. Anticipatory Set

4. Vocabulary Fertility Fertility Soil Soil Humus Humus Fertility Fertility Soil horizon- Soil horizon- Acidic Acidic Basic Basic Decomposers Decomposers

5. Soil Composition Soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water and air. NTG Soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water and air. NTG Humus- the decayed organic material that is soil Humus- the decayed organic material that is soil It is dark colored substance that forms as plants and animal remains decay. It contents nutrients and plants get their nutrients from this. As plants grow they absorb humus. NTG It is dark colored substance that forms as plants and animal remains decay. It contents nutrients and plants get their nutrients from this. As plants grow they absorb humus. NTG Fertility- of soil is a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth. If it is rich is humus, it has high fertility. NTG Fertility- of soil is a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth. If it is rich is humus, it has high fertility. NTG

6. Soil Texture Sand feels course, and clay feels smooth and silky Sand feels course, and clay feels smooth and silky The texture or particle size of soil determines how much air and water the soil can hold. The texture or particle size of soil determines how much air and water the soil can hold. Clay- has a dense, heavy texture and they hold a lot of water so pants grown in them can “drown” for lack of air NTG Clay- has a dense, heavy texture and they hold a lot of water so pants grown in them can “drown” for lack of air NTG Sandy- has a coarse texture and water quickly drains through it killing the plant from lack of water. NTG Sandy- has a coarse texture and water quickly drains through it killing the plant from lack of water. NTG Loam- soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. NTG Loam- soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. NTG

8. Process of Soil Formation Soil horizon- a layer of soil that differs in color, and texture from the layers above it and below it. Soil horizon- a layer of soil that differs in color, and texture from the layers above it and below it. Horizon A- topsoil= a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals. Horizon A- topsoil= a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals. Horizon B-Subsoil=consists of clay and other particles washed down from Horizon A but little humus. Horizon B-Subsoil=consists of clay and other particles washed down from Horizon A but little humus.

10. Soil Types Scientists classify soil by it’s composition Scientists classify soil by it’s composition Acidic- if a substance reacts strongly with some metals and changes blue litmus paper red Acidic- if a substance reacts strongly with some metals and changes blue litmus paper red Basic- if a substance feels SLIPPERY and changes red litmus paper blue. Basic- if a substance feels SLIPPERY and changes red litmus paper blue. Scientists use the pH scale to measure acidic and basic substances. Scientists use the pH scale to measure acidic and basic substances.

11. pH pH of 0= strongly acidic pH of 0= strongly acidic pH of 7= neutral pH of 7= neutral pH of 14 = strongly basic pH of 14 = strongly basic For plants to grow they need a pH of 6 or 7.5. For plants to grow they need a pH of 6 or 7.5.

13. Living Organisms in Soil Decomposers are the organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals. NTG Decomposers are the organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals. NTG Soil decomposers- fungi, bacteria, worms, other organisms, mites and worms. Soil decomposers- fungi, bacteria, worms, other organisms, mites and worms. Fungi- mold and mushrooms. They digest and grow on plant remains. Fungi- mold and mushrooms. They digest and grow on plant remains. Bacteria causes decay and attack dead organism and their waste in soil Bacteria causes decay and attack dead organism and their waste in soil

15. Mixing the Soil As Earthworms eat their way through the soil, they carry humus down to the subsoil and subsoil to the surface. As Earthworms eat their way through the soil, they carry humus down to the subsoil and subsoil to the surface. Earthworms also pass out the soil they eat as waste Earthworms also pass out the soil they eat as waste Burrowing animals- mice, moles, prairie dogs, and gophers break up hard, compacted soil and mix humus with it. Burrowing animals- mice, moles, prairie dogs, and gophers break up hard, compacted soil and mix humus with it.

17. Checking for Understanding What is humus? What is humus? What is a loam? What is a loam? What is a decomposer? What is a decomposer?

18. Guided Practice Independent Practice Guided Practice Guided Practice NTG page 44 # 1-8 NTG page 44 # 1-8 Independent Practice Independent Practice NTG page 45-46 # 9-23 NTG page 45-46 # 9-23