3. Measuring Delinquency Uniform Crime Reports Crimes known to the police Crime Rate= Index Crimes/population Crimes cleared Victimization Surveys Victimization Surveys Self Report Studies Self Report Studies Measuring Official Delinquency Are UCR data valid?

4. Measuring Delinquency Self reported Delinquency Correlates with Delinquency Gender and Delinquency Racial Patterns in Delinquency Are the Data Valid? Does Race Matter? Social Class and Delinquency Age and Delinquency Why Does Crime Decline with Age?

5. Measuring Delinquency Reasons for the Aging Out Process: 1. Growing older means having to face the future. 2. Resistance to quick fix. 3. Increased responsibility 4. Personality changes 5. Aware of risks

6. Measuring Delinquency Age of Onset Chronic Offending: Careers in Delinquency Wolfgang’s Delinquency in a Birth Cohort Who Becomes a Chronic Delinquent? Stability in Crime, From Delinquent to Criminal Juvenile Victimization

7. Measuring Delinquency Juvenile Victimization Victimization Risk Family Status Community Composition High Risk Lifestyle The Youngest Victims