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Waves Introduction Chapter 10 Section 1 and 2 Physics Standard 4
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Physics Science that deals with matter, energy and their interactions
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Definition Wave: disturbance that carries energy through matter or space. Matter through which a wave travels is called its medium. Waves transfer energy and energy spreads out at it travels.
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Medium Examples What is the Medium? Water Air
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Mechanical vs. Electromagnetic Mechanical waves: require a medium to travel through. Ex: Sound Electromagnetic waves: do not require a medium. Ex. light
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Mechanical Types 1) Transverse: causes particles of medium to vibrate perpendicularly to direction wave travels. Ex: water http://www.acoustics.salfor d.ac.uk/feschools/waves/fla sh/transverse.swf Transverse Wave
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Crest: highest pt Trough: lowest pt Amplitude: greatest distance that particles in medium move when a wave passes. Wavelength: dist. from 1 crest of wave to next crest. Frequency: # of full wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
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Characteristics of a Transverse Wave
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Rules Higher amplitude + Short wavelength wave carries much energy. Low amplitude + long wavelength wave carries little energy. Which One Carries More Energy?
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Mechanical Types 2) Longitudinal: causes particles of medium to vibrate parallel to direction the wave travels. Ex: sound
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Longitudinal Wave Characteristics Compression: area where particles are close together. Rarefaction: area where particles are spread out.
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Sound: Longitudinal Wave Sound wave speed depends on medium it is in. Sound in air: 340 m/s Sound in water: 3 x’s faster than in air. Sound in solid: 15-20 x’s faster than in air.
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